Ключевые слова: геоэкология, карьерная добыча, минеральное природное и техногенное сырье, строи-тельные материалы.

No abstract

The article is devoted to wastes generated at extraction, crushing and sorting of carbonate rock in order to obtain the finished product which is crushed stone. The article presents the information of carbonate rocks on the river Sok deposit. As a result of production at the Sok quarry two groups of waste are formed: overburden rocks and waste dumps; dolomite and limestone meal. The volume of overburden rocks and dumps is constantly increasing. Dolomite and limestone meal formed by crushing and sorting of rocks, with inclusions of crushed stone are sent to the dumps of cuttings without dividing into types. Most of the production waste is placed in the dumps directly in the territory of the quarry. Crushing waste is placed along the left bank of the river Sok. Significant volumes of accumulated and constantly formed crushed stone production wastes are harmful for the local environment. To solve environmental problems, it is necessary to study these wastes and develop construction materials using these wastes.

The greatest effect on increasing the residual strength of cement stone based on alumina cements in the temperature range of 800-1200 °C is achieved when replacing part of the cement with thermally activated metakaolin which is associated with the formation of secondary mullite. To intensify the strengthening process of mullite formation, the influence of various magnesium additives-mineralizers has been studied. The effect of chemically pure magnesium oxide, caustic magnesite and magnesium oxide hydration product calcined at 390 - 450 °C were investigated experimentally. The content of additives in compositions based on high-purity high-alumina cement was accepted in the amount of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 %. Experiments have confirmed the positive effect of magnesium additives on the process of hardening of cement stone, both during hardening and after heat treatment. It was found that the type of magnesium additive affects the hardening process. The highest strength after hardening and drying is obtained by using caustic magnesite as a mineralizer additive in an amount of 0.5 %. Exposed to high temperature, the best results are recorded when using a chemically pure magnesium additive.

The protective coating deposited by ion-plasma sputtering have a very vivid aesthetic and decorative properties that make them attractive for solving design problems, and also enhance the operating characteristics of the products (increases strength, hardness, durability). The main stages of obtaining protective and decorative coatings by electric arc method, namely condensation by ion bombardment (CIB), are considered. The properties of the cathode substance, and hence the compounds formed by these substances, depend on their position in the periodic table. The dependence of the coating properties and features of the electronic structure of the material from which the cathode is made is analyzed. The effect of ion-plasma treatment of the surface of glazed ceramic tiles on their properties is studied. The distinctive features of the structure of the glaze layer of domestic and foreign ceramic tiles are revealed.