З аболеваемость раком молочной железы среди женщин в России неуклонно растет. Каждый год в мире регистрируется более 1 млн новых случаев рака молочной железы. В 2007 году в России рак молочной железы диагностирован у 51865 женщин [1]. Большая половина всех женщин, у которых выявлен рак молочной железы (РМЖ), нуждаются в хирургическом лечении. Из них 10 % составляют молодые женщины, для которых удаление молочной железы является серьезной психоэмоциональной травмой [2, 5]. Исследования показывают, что дефекты внешности, даже не имеющие функционального значения с точки зрения медицины, приводят к глубокой деформации личности, значительно ухудшают качество жизни [3]. В отечественной литературе наиболее полно освещен вопрос психологического состояния женщин, страдающих РМЖ. Проведенные исследования касаются изучения отдельных вопросов эмоционального и психосоциального статуса, сексуальности, выраженности стресса на различных этапах лечения. Цель исследования: улучшить качество жизни у пациенток после операций на молочной железе, выполненных по поводу РМЖ. Материал и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели нами проведено изучение

Search for effective and available methods of stimulation of regenerative processes is a priority task of restorative medicine. Of high interest is a kind of biostimulation that induces activation of metabolic and reparative processes in the whole organism. Aim. Generalization of the relevant literature data concerning possible mechanisms of biostimulation in transplantation of self tissues of an organism. The results of literature survey showed that there still remain many debatable questions concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie intermolecular interactions in the stage of regeneration. Stimulating effects of an autotransplant both in the zone of the transplant or in an organism in whole may be caused by mediators and signal molecules released in destruction of the autotransplant tissues and of its perifocal region, and also by bioactive substances produced by immune-competent and stem cells. Conclusion. Tissue transplants may be used as inductors of production of biologically active substances and activators of immune and/or stromal cells. The latter, in turn, are producers of a number of chemical mediators required for large-scale regeneration. Therefore, a promising method of stimulation of regenerative processes is transplantation of self tissue. This method is characterized by simplicity, effectiveness and availability which evokes special interest and requires further study.

Background. A crucial role in the development of cancer is played by the tumor microenvironment (TM) – a microenvironment that is formed as a result of the interaction between the tumor tissue and macroorganism cells. The concentration of TM cytokines in the blood varies depending on the activity of the tumor and the presence of a metastatic process. It is advisable to study the existing mediator imbalance of TM, its characteristic features in the process of tumor development for the diagnosis and prognosis of the tumor process.The aim. To identify markers of tumor progression in the study of tissue and serum cytokines in women diagnosed with breast cancer.Materials and methods. The object of the study is blood serum cytokines and tumor supernatants (MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, G-CSF, GM-CSF). The study involved 80 patients with breast cancer aged 50–69 years and 26 practically healthy women aged 41 to 62 years. A standard examination of women was conducted; a cytokine profile study was conducted before the appointment of therapy. To study the cytokine profile at the tissue level, tumor biopsies (n = 30) and biopsies of unchanged breast tissue (n = 6) were incubated to determine the production of MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, G-CSF, GM-CSF.Results. There was a moderate positive correlation between the stage of the disease and the level of TGF-β1, MCP-1 blood serum, a weak one – with G-CSF. In the incubated tumor tissue, a high positive correlation of cytokines on the stage of the disease is observed in growth factors: VEGF (R = 0.79; p > 0.05) and TGF-β1 (R = 0.61; p > 0.05).Conclusion. The study revealed the characteristic features of the cytokine profile of blood serum and tumor tissue in breast cancer at local and widespread stages. The revealed differences in the level of cytokines should be used as additional diagnostic indicators of the degree of activity and prevalence of the tumor process.

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This article presents the scientific merits of telemedicine interventions in primary health care in hard-to-reach areas of the North Caucasus. Although there is no single and consistent definition of primary health care, most sources agree that it is central to the healthcare system as it is the first contact for patients seeking medical care. Growing concerns about sustainability and an expected shortage of primary care physicians have sparked interest in exploring the potential of telemedicine to address many of the challenges facing primary health care in the Nor th Caucasus.