The article touches upon the problems of breeding goldfish Carassius Auratus (L.), abundance of juveniles, size and age composition of the catches and the growth of this species in small rivers (for example, the Kazanka River and the lower reaches of the Sviyaga River) in terms of stocking the Kuibyshev Reservoir by goldfish. It has been stated that the process of stocking small rivers with goldfish has much in common with that in the reservoir. Spawning in the Kazanka in 2016 proceeded in two stages, and the gonads contained the roe of 2 portions. The first mass spawning took place from 11 to 20 May, and the second spawning – from 11 to 20 June. Macrophytes, driftwood and washed away roots of trees served as substrate for spawning. During the reproduction period of the species in the river the proportion of females made 75.0%, males - 25.0%. In the lower reaches of the Sviyaga in the period of 1998-2001 the proportion of males in catches made 26.1-65.7%. The maximum number of goldfish larvae and fingerlings in the lower reaches of the Sviyaga was observed in 2007-2009 and in 2014. These years had a similar regime of water level, but different temperature conditions in the spring period. Males in the catches had smaller sizes and body weight, compared with females. In the Kazanka in 2013-2016 the average body length of females in catches ranged within 16.7-23.8 cm, and males – within 15.9-20.6 cm. The age composition of goldfish in the river in 2013 consisted of 4-8 summer fish of 2006-2008 generations. Among them prevailed individuals at the age of 6 (53.1%) of the 2006 generation. In 2014-2016 in the catches there were fish aged 6-9 years old, although there were individuals up to 15 years old. The body length of the similar aged individuals of both sexes was not significantly different. Student criterion between both sexes at different ages ranged from 0.06 to 0.84. Growth of individuals of different generations in 2007-2010 also did not differ reliably. Thus, the average body size of 6- year-old fish of these generations ranged from 17.7 to 18.1 cm. The growth of goldfish in different reaches of the Kuibyshev Reservoir was higher than in the Kazanka, but Fulton fatness coefficient in the river was lower. The average values of the fatness coefficient ranged from 3.24 to 3.63 in the river, and in the reservoir reaches they are from 2.93 to 3.07.
Рассмотрен видовой состав, численность и рост сеголеток рыб в летний период 2012, 2014 и 2017 гг. в прибрежье Мешинского залива Куйбышевского водохранилища в зависимости от гидрометеорологических условий. Установлено, что общее число видов в летний период в прибрежье равнялось 20. Среди них доминирующими видами были сеголетки тюльки в 2012 г. и уклейки в 2014 и 2017 гг.-порционно-нерестующие виды. Наибольшее значение величины индекса видового разнообразия Шеннона отмечено в 2017 г. при высокой численности молоди и относительно низком значении показателя обилия. Урожайность молоди рыб определялась особенностями режима уровня и температуры воды. Рост сеголеток рыб в эти годы определялся продолжительностью вегетационного периода у леща и уклейки, а у тюльки длина и масса тела сеголеток зависела от численности в уловах ее особей от первого и второго нереста. Ключевые слова: видовой состав, численность, рост, сеголетки рыб, водохранилище.
The results of six-year observations (2012-2017) in the Meshinsky Gulf of the Kuibyshev reservoir concerning the evaluation of the reproduction efficiency of the main commercial fish of this section of the reservoir have been reviewed and analyzed. Data are given on the species composition of prolarvae and larvae of fish in the coastal part of the reservoir. It has been established that the most abundant in the studied years was the fry of roach, bream and silver bream; the larvae of carp and ruff were least common in catches. A method for estimating yields by catches of fish larvae based on deviations in the mean value of the catch has been proposed. According to these data, in 2012-2017 there was one high-yielding generation, in the remaining years - medium-yielding. It is shown that the dynamics of the number of fish larvae in the coastal region depends on the course of spawning and obeys the normal distribution in time. Analysis of the relative indices of the quantity of larvae - pieces/catches and pieces/1m of the coastal area in the studied years has been given. A method is described for calculating the absolute abundance of fish larvae in the littoral by the example of the Meshinsky Gulf. According to calculated data, the average number of early juveniles in the littoral of the Meshinsky Gulf in 2012-2017 was about 4 billion specimens, which corresponds to the figures obtained in previous years in the Sviyazhsky Gulf of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. The study results have great practical importance and can serve as data for prediction of catches and determining the state of ecological system of the reservoir.
Поступила в редакцию 04.02.2016 г. Рассмотрено видовое разнообразие личинок рыб, сроки их нереста, численность и распределение по этапам развития в прибрежной зоне Свияжского и Мешинского заливов Куйбышевского водохранилища в 2012-2014 гг. Установлено, что в крупных заливах наиболее высокая численность личинок рыб наблюдалась при повышении уровня воды, как, например, в 2013 г. Относительно высокое значение индекса видового разнообразия Шеннона наблюдалось при более низких значениях показателя обилия и выравненности соотношения видов рыб. Колебания общей численности личинок рыб в разные годы в обоих заливах носили сходный характер, но у отдельных видов в связи со спецификой размножения имелись и отличия. Например, количество личинок леща в Мешинском заливе в годы исследований было значительно выше, чем в Свияжском заливе.
Рассмотрены показат ели роста сеголеток некоторых видов рыб разных экологических групп в фазах относительной стабилизации (1967-1974 гг.) и дестабилизации (1985-2012 гг.) экосистемы Куйбышевского водохранилища в зависимости от факторов среды. Показано, что в период относительной стабилизации длина и масса сеголеток рыб достоверно положительно зависели от продолжительности вегетационного периода с учетом температуры воды и отрицательно-от общей численности молоди. В период же дестабилизации экосистемы водохранилища эти связи теряют свое решающее значение. Ключевые слова: рост сеголеток рыб, факторы среды, водохранилище.
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