This paper considers and analyzes a relevant issue of treatment of disturbed soils. The equipment to carry out various processes of mining reclamation of waste heaps and quarries with a significant reduction in the level of environmental risks through the operation of an energy-saving small-sized apparatus has been designed. The use of the developed soil reclamator is also adequate for pre-sowing and other types of agrotechnical tillage, plant care in agricultural fields, as well as in areas with a heterogeneous landscape. The functionality of the unit is able to provide energy autonomy and automation of the technological process. The low weight of the device makes it possible to reduce the pressure on the soil, which minimizes the environmentally hazardous formation of dust during the treatment of waste heaps, the destruction of its structure, the machine degradation of the fertile layer during the processing of all types of territories. The device also reduces the risk of fertile soils slipping from the slopes of mine dumps due to the fact that the soil reclamator is self-propelled and functions without the need to involve a heavy tractor. The mathematical modeling of the operation of the proposed technical support for the treatment of waste heap reclamation in comparison with the opposed analog proves the ecological and economic efficiency of the eco-adaptive soil reclamator. The average value of profit ratios, when using the proposed soil reclamator, is 121.82 % higher than with the involvement of opposed equipment. Indicators of the negative environmental impact of the designed equipment are 100 % lower than the environmental impact when operating the analog. The proposed technical solution can be effectively applied both in schemes of sanitary cleaning of settlements, and in the process of modernization of agricultural machinery

This paper reports an analysis of current issues related to storing solid household waste, and, specifically, the problem of environmental pollution when unsorted solid household waste (SHW) is ignited. A technology has been developed to improve environmental safety and ensure a reduction in the anthropogenic load on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere in the event of fires at the sites of solid waste storage. The operation of the proposed equipment, taking into consideration all the provided operating modes and additional options, is energy-saving and automated (or semi-automatic), which makes it especially relevant under modern conditions. The technology significantly improves the efficiency of the processes to eliminate the ignition of SHW and localize their environmental consequences for the territories adjacent to landfills. Laboratory tests were carried out, which proved the effectiveness of practical application for the designed equipment of a new environmentally active adsorption mixture for the purpose of cleaning the waste filtrate, as well as its use for the formation of an anti-filtration screen in the mound of SHW. Experiments have shown that the tested sample of the aqueous suspension of the proposed environmentally active mixture adsorbs calcium (by 92 %), overall iron (by 91 %), overall phosphorus (by 75 %), zinc (by 31 %), and ammonium (by 19 %). This leads to a decrease in the overall toxicity of the solution and indicates the possibility of improving the environmental safety of waste fires when operating the proposed technical solution by purifying the filtrate released during fires in landfills. The reported results, specifically, the technology for localizing the environmental consequences of uncontrolled waste ignition could be used in the process of modernizing the technical support for sanitary treatment schemes in urban areas.

This paper gives a solution to the problem of improving a solid waste management system through the integration of two systemic methodologies: material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. The proposed method serves to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of various waste management measures. The study was carried out with the detailing of the anaerobic digestion process since it is this recycling technology that plays a key role in reducing the amount of waste along with the production of renewable energy and in reducing the adverse effects on the external environment. Simulation of changes in waste properties in a certain processing sequence was carried out in order to obtain reliable information for further optimization of the system. The proposed modeling of waste treatment processes based on their constituent equations made it possible to adequately reflect the impact of changes in working conditions on all subsequent output flows. The analysis of material flows for an enterprise of mechanical and biological treatment of waste is presented and the use of the model in the context of the process of anaerobic digestion of household waste is illustrated. It was found that anaerobic digestion potentially makes it possible to obtain 4.1 Gj of biogas energy from 1 HSW, which corresponds to 460 kWh of electricity and 2060 MJ of heat. The developed method is based on a combination of analysis of material flows and life cycle assessment. The method acts as a tool for comparing alternative technologies and waste management scenarios. In the future, it can serve to support waste management decisions at both the strategic and operational levels

The object of this study is the operating parameters of the anaerobic digestion unit. The study aims to increase the potential of biogas production. The task to select the optimal parameters of the working process of anaerobic digestion has been solved. A model of cumulative biogas and methane output in the process of anaerobic waste digestion has been constructed, which is conceptualized using the method of artificial neural network. The model is built on the basis of 11 process-related variables, such as hydraulic retention time, pH, operating temperature, etc. The plant parameters, leading to the highest volume of biogas production, were selected. It was determined that the optimal amount of biogas can be brought to 90 %, which exceeds the maximum value obtained from factory records by 12.6 % to 700 m3/t. Working conditions that led to optimal methane production were defined as the temperature of 39 °C, the total solids of 4.5 %, the organic percentage of 97.8 %, and pH 8.0. It was found that biogas production is the highest at temperature within the thermophilic range while the local maximum is achieved in the mesophilic temperature range. The model built serves to determine the optimal operating parameters for maximum biogas production and could be used to optimize biogas production productivity using limited experimental data. The model also makes it possible to predict the performance of anaerobic digestion under untested conditions. It is possible to practically use the developed biogas production model when monitoring the operation of the anaerobic digestion unit, to increase the efficiency of the process, and when adjusting the working conditions of the methane tank

Innovation is an integral part of economic activity and scientific, technical and industrial development. To implement innovation, it is necessary to form an innovative policy of the state. An integral part of stimulating innovation is the level of investment in the relevant sectors of the economy.