The aim of this study was to investigate pre-injury factors, causes of dental injuries and healing complications after traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. The analysed sample comprised 889 permanent teeth of 384 patients, who were treated in the Dentistry Department in Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. Enamel-dentin fractures [233 teeth (26.2%)] and lateral luxations [207 teeth (23.3%)] were the most frequent injuries. The age of the patients at the time of injury varied between 7 and 65 years. Predominantly, children were affected [587 injured teeth (66.0%)]. The most frequent causes of injuries in patients older than 11 years were various sport activities, predominantly bicycling. Pulp necrosis was observed in 239 teeth (26.9%). It was the most frequent post-traumatic complication in all types of dental traumas. Teeth with a completed root formation demonstrated a higher prevalence of pulp necrosis than teeth with an incomplete root formation in all types of luxation injuries. External root resorption was observed in 144 teeth. The rate of inflammatory resorption differed between the various types of luxation injuries (extrusive luxation 5.6%, lateral luxation 11.6%, intrusive luxation 33.3%). Following avulsion and replantation, active inflammatory resorptions were diagnosed in 13 (26.5%) of 49 replanted teeth and ankylosis/replacement resorptions were observed in 21 (42.9%) of 49 replanted teeth. After avulsion, primarily, immature teeth were affected by these complications. Within the observation period of 5 years, 39 teeth (4.4%) had to be removed (16 teeth with root fractures, 19 avulsed and replanted teeth, 3 luxated teeth, 1 tooth with crown-root fracture).

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Dental injuries are rather common during sport activities and at schools where children spend most of their time every day. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of primary school teachers in Pilsen, Czech Republic, of how to provide first aid in cases of one of the most serious dental injuries, the tooth avulsion. To this end, a questionnaire which contained nine questions about avulsion of permanent teeth was prepared. The questionnaires were distributed in nine primary schools in Pilsen where almost 300 teachers are employed. Seventy-four percent of the teachers replied. Sixty-eight percent had never received any information about providing first aid in cases of dental injuries and 81% would place the avulsed tooth in a dry handkerchief until the transfer of the patient to dentist. Prevention of tooth injuries is very important, as they may result even in tooth loss. This demands an effort to properly inform and educate sport trainers and primary school teachers about providing first aid in dental trauma situations; this effort should be intensive and continuous.

The aim of this study was to find out the causes that lead to dental avulsion in children, to analyze the effectiveness of our treatment and the response of the adults when such incidents occur and finally to determine the occurrence of posttraumatic complications some time after the injury, especially the resorption of the affected teeth root. We analyzed the documentations of a sample of patients containing 57 children who had a total of 90 avulsed teeth and were treated in Dentistry Department of Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Czech Republic, in the years between 1995 and 2005. We discovered that most frequently the children experience dental avulsion in the age between 8 and 11 years old, the most affected teeth are the upper central incisors and the most frequent causes are sports and games which are very common in these ages, in various environments, like schools, sport fields and home. The majority of the children were transferred to the Dentistry Department either quite long after the avulsion incident and without the avulsed teeth, or with the avulsed teeth which were carried in an inappropriate transport medium, indicating that there is insufficient knowledge of adult people, especially the ones who are in daily contact with children, on how to provide first aid in cases of dental avulsion.

BackgroundRecently, the dental literature has focused mainly on the microbial colonization of healthy full-term infants and their mothers or caretakers. However, oral microbial acquisition by premature infants has not been adequately investigated, and the correlation between pre-term birth and the presence of cariogenic and periodontal pathogens has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify the presence and quantities of representative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavities of 12-month-old infants and compare the occurrence of these microbes between a cohort of pre-term infants with very low birthweights and a control cohort comprising full-term infants.MethodsThe research cohort was composed of 69 one-year-old infants, of whom 24 were born prematurely with very low birthweights and 45 of whom were carried to full term. Information regarding the infants’ gestational age, mode of delivery, general health status, birthweight and antibiotic use were obtained from hospital records and through oral interviews. At 12 months of age, both groups of infants were examined, and unstimulated saliva samples from the dorsum of the tongue and dental plaque samples were collected. The microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Actinomyces spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum) were identified and their quantities were evaluated using a PCR-based method. The chi-squared and Fisher’s factorial tests were used for the statistical evaluations.ResultsThe infants had a high prevalence of cariogenic microbes and of Fusosbacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cariogenic microbes were detected in 91.7% of the very low birthweight infants and in all full-term infants. Periodontal pathogens were present in 83% of the pre-term infants and in 96% of the full-term infants. A significant difference was found between the cohorts in terms of the presence of S. mutans. Most of the very low birthweight infants had negative values of this microbe, while the full-term infants had positive values.ConclusionsThis study confirms the early transmission of representative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens to the oral cavity of one-year-old infants and a higher prevalence of S. mutans in full-term infants than in premature infants.