Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the most frequently occurring disorder in neonates. Phototherapy is the most common treatment strategy practiced routinely in the management of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Reviews on electrolyte variations post phototherapy are highly variable. Therefore our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and liver enzymes in physiologically hyperbilirubinemic neonates before and after phototherapy. The study was carried out on 100 (45 preterm, 55 term) hyperbilirubenimic neonates who underwent phototherapy. The overall prevalence of hypocalcemia was found to be 7%, none in preterm, 12.73% in term, 12.12% in males, 13.64% in females, 2.56% in low birthweight and 11.11% in normal birthweight neonates. The incidence of hypomagnesemia was found to be 4.45% in preterm, 7.27% in term, 5.2% in males, 13.64% in females, 5.13% in low birthweight and 7.4% in normal birthweight neonates. We found the incidence of hyponatremia to be 12%, 11.11% in preterm, 12.73 % in term, 12.12% in males, 18.6% in females, 5.13% in low birthweight and 14.8% in normal birthweight neonates. Monitoring of serum calcium and electrolyte levels in neonates undergoing phototherapy will help to identify hypocalcemia and electrolyte imbalances to prevent complications.

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Introduction: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder which results in various metabolic disturbances. The disturbance in the bone minerals, calcium and phosphorus contribute to the most common imbalance. This is commonly overlooked in sub-clinical hypothyroidism, based on the absence of symptoms in patients related to thyroid hormone imbalance. The diagnosis of sub-clinical hypothyroidism is generally incidental and is based on the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level. The concentration of the circulating thyroid hormones, T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) are not altered in this condition. Aim: To study the Ca/P ratio, an early indicator of osteoporotic marker among the patients with hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed as a case-control study and involved 35 controls with normal thyroid function and 35 subjects with sub-clinical hypothyroidism, of age group 20-45 years. The serum samples were analysed for calcium and phosphorus by their respective methods. The samples were analysed on the same day to maintain the stability of the parameters. Calcium/Phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) was calculated. Results: Serum Calcium was found to be less (8.33±0.30) and serum phosphorus was more (6.61±0.88) in sub-clinical hypothyroidism when compared to control group. Therefore, a reversal of Ca/P ratio was (1.26±0.34) was noted. Conclusion: This study underlines the necessity for patients with sub-clinical hypothyroidism to be monitored for bone mineral status to avoid complications in bone health.