Smart grids are considered as key solutions to solve current power security issues. Among these suggestions, microgrid is proposed to integrate distributed generations (DGs) such as photovoltaic (PV) system into the network and the control of DGs output power is getting more attention. The output power of PV arrays with nonlinear characteristics is affected by temperature, solar irradiation and load. Various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods for photovoltaic (PV) power systems have been considered and developed to maximize the delivered possible power. In this paper, a modelized photovoltaic source is introduced, based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit. An ordinarily employed solar system model is linearized into simple Thevenin source-resistance representation. Next, a control algorithm associated with the relationship between controller's PWM duty cycle of the MPPT boost converter and solar array output power, namely proposed MPPT algorithm, is introduced. This proposed method is compared with an existing popular MPPT algorithm to confirm its superior performance by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK ® simulation. The results show an improvement in the power generation from a PV array in any weather condition, and also help to reduce the impact of rapid change of solar irradiation on the output power variation within the time duration of change. Therefore, the proposed algorithm reduces the effect on grid frequency and motivate the PV generation penetration into the microgrids. Finally, a 50W DC-DC boost converter prototype is implemented and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
In the present paper, the composite of zeolite imidazolate framework-11 (ZIF-11) and activated carbon derived from rice husks (RHAC) was synthesized. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX-mapping, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The final composite ZIF-11/RHAC exhibits an even dispersion of ZIF-11 particles on activated carbon matrix. Herein, an electrochemical sensor based on a ZIF-11/RHAC was developed for a rapid determination of triclosan (TCS). It was found that the oxidation of TCS is irreversible and involves the transfer of one electron. The linear range for TCS detection in the optimized experimental conditions was found to be 0.1-8 μM with the limit of detection of 0.076 μM. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to detect TCS in different personal care product samples with high accuracy, which was confirmed by a good agreement between these results and those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.