The article analyzes the current state of criminal activity and the corresponding needs of judicial and law enforcement agencies to provide necessary counteraction. Based on the conducted sociological research, generalization of statistical data, correlations were revealed between the needs of the practice of countering certain types of criminal offenses and the available proposals of authorized subjects on scientific and methodological support for crime investigation activities. It has been established that in general, the existing scientific and methodological support for countering certain types of criminal offenses meets the requirements of law enforcement practice regarding methods of investigating crimes. Along with this, it is proved that judicial and law enforcement agencies now need modern methods of investigating crimes against the foundations of national security and crimes against the environment. Taking into account the identified relationships, the function of forensic sciences has been proposed in order to introduce scientific developments and practical forensic recommendations for the investigation of certain types of criminal offenses into the educational process, the directions for implementing this task have been outlined.

Юсупов В. В. -кандидат юридичних наук, старший науковий співробітник, провідний науковий співробітник науково-дослідної лабораторії з проблем кримінального забезпечення та судової експертології навчально-наукового інституту № 2 Національної академії внутрішніх справ, м. Київ;

Without a principal law in Ukraine on weapons and munitions for them, certain difficulties arise in law enforcement activities with the qualification of the actions of offenders in the field of illegal circulation of weapons, manufacture of munitions, and the use of explosives. The purpose of this study was to investigate such weapons as ammunition and explosives, which become the subject of offences by criminals in connection with the illegal circulation of weapons, their components, their manufacture, and use. The study employed historical-legal, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, statistical, and sociological methods. Military supplies and explosives were classified to establish a particular object as an object of criminal encroachment; their forensically significant features and properties were determined. The role of ballistics specialists, explosives specialists, and other experts during the inspection of the scene, the investigation of illegal arms trafficking, the manufacture of ammunition and the use of explosives was covered. It was proved that ammunition and explosives have a close relationship with the persona of the criminal, the method of committing the criminal offence, and the trace pattern. The theoretical provisions regarding the properties and signs of ammunition and explosives were improved. Forensic recommendations on the actions of law enforcement officers with ammunition and explosives in criminal proceedings were developed. Recommendations regarding the removal and packaging of munitions and explosives as physical evidence have gained further development. The practical significance lies in clarifying the properties and signs of ammunition and explosives, which allows for the identification of these items at the initial stage of the investigation; correct actions for their detection, fixation, extraction, packaging; appropriate criminal-legal qualification of the offence committed