ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Friihere IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Polyurethan-Schaumstoffen werden auf das Temperaturverhalten der Schaumstoffe, a d Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Rezeptur sowie auf die zeitliche Reihenfolge der in Frage kommenden Reaktionen ausgedehnt. Bei erhohter Temperatur werden freie Isocyanatgruppen iiber Carbodiimide in deren Polymerisate umgewandelt. Die Biuretgruppen in einem Schaumstoff werden iiber die Spaltung in Harnstoffgruppen und freies Isocyanat abgebaut, letzteres reagiert in situ iiber Carbodiimide ab, Die hderungen des Aufbaus hlngen weitgehend vom Charakter der Polyhydroxylverbhdung ab, nur bei Verwendung von Polyestern erhiilt man mit alkalischen Zusltzen eine Trimerisation der Isocyanatgruppe. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, daD bei der Schaumstoffherstellung zunlchst Urethan-, dann Harnstoff-und schliel3-lich Biuretgruppen gebildet werden. Ferner wurde unabhlngig die Nachweisgrenze fiir die einzelnen funktionellen Gruppen in niedermolekularen Vergleichsmischungen und an Polymeren bestimmt. SUMMARY:Infra-red spectroscopical examinations previously carried out on polyurethane foams have been extended to the temperature behaviour of the foams, to the relationship between the structure and the recipe as well as to the sequence of the reactions concerned. Free isocyanate groups are converted at elevated temperature via carbodiimides into the polymers thereof. The biuret groups in polyurethane foams are degraded by being split into urea groups and free isocyanate groups, the latter reacting in situ via carbodiimides. The variations in the structure substantially depend upon the nature of the polyhydroxyl compound ; only when using polyester-polyhydroxyl compounds, alkaline additives effect trimerisation of the isocyanate group.It could further be demonstrated that in the production of foams first urethane groups, then urea groups and finally biuret groups are formed.The infra-red detection limit for urea groups and urethane groups in polymers and in mixtures of low molecular weight comparison compounds was independently determined.
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