Transformational leadership has consistently been argued to enhance team innovation, yet related research has generated ambiguous findings. We suggest that our understanding of leader impact on innovation would benefit from explicitly recognizing both group-and individual-focused transformational leadership dimensions and their distinct effects on team and individual innovation. In particular, we predict a novel contrasting effect in which group-focused transformational leader behavior has a positive impact on team innovation but a negative impact on individual innovation. We further argue that this divergence in leader effect is strengthened by task interdependence, which enhances the negative effects of grouplevel transformational leadership on individual innovation. Data from 195 members of 56 teams support our predicted pathways, which contribute to a clearer understanding of the complex, multilevel effects of leadership in innovation in teams, and highlight the importance of differentiating between team and individual leader dimensions and outcomes.

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The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of an application on an English learning programme for engineering students at the university, which features eSelf-assessment on an open-source e-learning platform. This paper demonstrates the implementation of eSelf-assessment to show the flow of students' tasks, the first and second repetitive processes for students in different level of learning ability. A survey was conducted to collect students' satisfaction and effectiveness of independent online learning through this learning model by the end of the semester. The results show that the model is more effective to the segment of students who keep revising their work after the process of eSelf-assessment.

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The range of technological applications in different educational contexts makes it necessary for continued inquiry into online language learning (OLL), especially in relation to its impact on different learner populations whose perception and acceptance of OLL can vary across settings. This pilot study involved 66 Chinese students in a Hong Kong university and examined their OLL experience in online reading and listening activities. Results of the study suggest the easy availability of internet resources can greatly enhance students’ OLL experience, while raising four challenges in the areas of online materials development, student motivation, pedagogy-technology interface, and intercultural communicative competence. Possible ways of tackling such challenges are outlined. The article concludes with a view that successful OLL needs to be predicated on a tripartite framework of hardware, software and humanware.