Every year, the U.S. economy loses more than $411 billion because of work performance reduction, injuries, and traffic accidents caused by microsleep. To mitigate microsleep's consequences, an unobtrusive, reliable, and socially acceptable microsleep detection solution throughout the day, every day is required. Unfortunately, existing solutions do not meet these requirements. In this paper, we propose WAKE, a novel behind-the-ear wearable device for microsleep detection. By monitoring biosignals from the brain, eye movements, facial muscle contractions, and sweat gland activities from behind the user's ears, WAKE can detect microsleep with a high temporal resolution. We introduce a Three-fold Cascaded Amplifying (3CA) technique to tame the motion artifacts and environmental noises for capturing high fidelity signals. Through our prototyping, we show that WAKE can suppress motion and environmental noise in real-time by 9.74-19.47 dB while walking, driving, or staying in different environments, ensuring that the biosignals are captured reliably. We evaluated WAKE using gold-standard devices on 19 sleep-deprived and narcoleptic subjects. The Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation results show the feasibility of WAKE in microsleep detection on an unseen subject with average precision and recall of 76% and 85%, respectively.

Faecal analysis from the only known population of Gilbert?s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) near Albany, Western Australia revealed that it, like other rat-kangaroo species is primarily mycophagous. Diet was determined by faecal collections from live-captured animals within Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. Microscopic examination of samples collected from June - September 2000 and additional samples from storage, found fungi to comprise over 90% of faecal matter. A total of 44 fungal spore types were identified with many believed to be of hypogeous origin. Fungal spores belonging to the genera Mesophellia, Elaphomyces, Hysterangium and an unknown spore type (Unknown 1) were frequently recorded in samples. Non-fungal material including plants (stems, roots and seeds) and invertebrates represented the remainder. This investigation found that P. gilbertii fed almost exclusively on fungi and could be considered a specialised mycophagist.

No abstract

Over the last decade, facial landmark tracking and 3D reconstruction have gained considerable attention due to their numerous applications, such as human-computer interactions, facial expression analysis, emotion recognition, etc. However, existing camera-based solutions require users to be confined to a particular location and face a camera at all times without occlusions, which largely limits their usage in practice. To overcome these limitations, we propose the first single-earpiece lightweight biosensing system, Bioface-3D, that can unobtrusively, continuously, and reliably sense the entire facial movements, track 2D facial landmarks, and further render 3D facial animations. Without requiring a camera positioned in front of the user, this paradigm shift from visual sensing to biosensing would introduce new opportunities in many emerging mobile and IoT applications.

No abstract