The relevance of this article is due to the need for improving indicators of exhaust gas toxicity of diesel engines. One of the modern directions of achieving the required environmental performance of diesel engines is the addition of various nanomaterials to petroleum diesel fuel. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of improving the environmental performance of a diesel engine for a generator set using carbon nanotubes as an additive to petroleum diesel fuel in an amount of up to 500 mg/L. Experimental studies were carried out on a D-243 diesel engine operating in a wide range of loads from idle to full load with the addition of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L of carbon nanotubes in the diesel fuel. The mixing of petroleum diesel fuel with nanotubes was done using an ultrasonic unit. The possibility of improving the environmental performance of the studied diesel engine fueled with carbon nanotube-blended petroleum diesel fuel was examined. Results showed that, in the full-load mode of diesel operation, the addition of 500 mg/L of carbon nanotubes to diesel fuel enabled the engine to reduce exhaust smoke from 26.0% to 11.2% on the Hartridge scale.

Internal combustion engines (ICEs), including diesel engines, still dominate and will continue to dominate power supply and transportation sectors for many years. 1,2 However, because of increasingly stringent emissions regulations and the urgent need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, a series of measures must be taken to improve the fuel economy and emissions performance of ICEs. 3,4

The flow of petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and rapeseed oil (RO) in the nozzle of a diesel injector under operating conditions was simulated numerically. Investigated the general flow characteristics, such as mass flow rate, discharge coefficient, injection rate, averaged turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle outlet and volume concentration of fuel vapor in the nozzle, and local flow parameters. The saturation pressure of RO is determined by summing the saturation pressure of constituting RO triacylglycerides. At a fuel temperature of 40 °C, the mass flow rate, discharge coefficient, injection velocity and turbulent intensity at the outlet of the nozzle hole for RO are significantly less than petroleum DF for all injection pressures, and the RO cavitation level (fuel vapor) in the nozzle hole is also lower than petroleum DF due to extremely slow saturation pressure of RO. However, this difference between RO and petroleum DF decreases with increasing injection pressure due to the different cavitation levels of DF at different injection pressures.

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Specific features of application of biofuels with soybean oil in diesel engines are considered. Results of experimental research of Д-245.12С vehicle diesel engine operating on diesel fuel and soybean oil mixtures are given. Dependence of fuel economy and exhaust gases toxicity characteristics on mixed biofuel composition is shown.