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The number of cases of head and neck (H&N) cancer diagnosed in the UK has been increasing in recent years. These cancers often require complex surgical treatments and extensive rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: To use data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database to estimate the costs incurred by English NHS hospitals due to treatment of H&N cancers, with a particular focus on oral cavity, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. METHODS: Inpatient admissions for H&N cancer between the years 2006/07 to 2010/11 were retrospectively analysed. Data was obtained from HES, a database covering English hospital activity, with inpatient episodes aggregated into spells of care associated with a specific Healthcare Resource Group (HRG). The HRGs were linked to costs from the UK National Tariff in order to calculate the average annual and per patient payments for inpatient treatment of H&N cancer, as per the NHS Payment by Results framework. Where necessary, costs were supplemented by expert opinion and other published cost estimates. RESULTS: Payments to NHS hospitals in England for inpatient stays due to H&N cancer are estimated to cost on average £57.1 million per year. The main driver of costs are the disproportionately high number of male cases, the costs of which are £12,517,235, £13,327,351 and £16,185,743 for oral cavity, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, respectively. This translates to respective inpatient costs per male of £5,354, £6,926, and £6,693. Despite similar costs per female inpatient, the average annual payments for inpatient care were approximately £7,579,905, £4,337,947 and £3,166,535, for oral cavity, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Based on inpatient treatment alone, H&N cancers place a significant economic burden on English NHS hospitals. This, however, is far less than the total burden of treatment as a large proportion is delivered in the outpatient setting. Further research is currently underway to quantify this total burden. OBJECTIVES:To characterize resource utilization and associated costs of patients receiving systemic therapy outside of a clinical trial for unresectable stage III and IV metastatic melanoma in Brazilian Healthcare System, and to compare results across the public and private health systems. METHODS: A retrospective study was A419

was used to assess the population level public health and economic impact of infant anti-pneumococcal vaccination. The alternatives compared were: no vaccination (comparator), PCV-7, PCV-10 and PCV-13. The effectiveness measures were: child illness avoided, life years gained (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Effectiveness and utilities were obtained from literature. Local costs (expressed in 2011 $US) and epidemiology (data from 2009-2011) were obtained from Panamá=s official databases. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed. The time horizon for total costs was one year and for outcomes was lifetime with a discount rate of 3%. RESULTS: Results show that immunization is cost-saving against no-vaccination. PCV-13 gained the highest number of QALYs (305) against and . PCV-13 prevented 629 illnesses and gained 334 LYs. PCV-10 and PCV-7 prevented 392 and 359 illnesses and gained 208 and 182 LY=s, respectively. Total costs of illness with PCV-13, PCV-10, PCV-7 and no vaccination were $622,445, $777,878, $804,978 and $1,005,512, respectively. These results were robust to variations in herd immunity and impact adjustments of PCV-10 immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cost-effectiveness study for antipneumococcal immunization in Panamá. Immunization strategies based on 7, 10 and 13-valent PCV=s may be cost-saving interventions compared to no vaccination. PCV-13 dominates PCV-10 and PCV-7. OBJECTIVES:. Pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia are priority diseases for public health in Guatemala since these are among the 10 most frequent causes of hospitalizations and mortality in children under 4 years old. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of immunization strategies based on pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Guatemala, from an institutional perspective. METHODS: . A decision tree steady state model was used to assess the population level public health and economic impact of infant anti-pneumococcal vaccination. The alternatives compared were: no vaccination (comparator), PCV-10 and PCV-13. The effectiveness measures were: illness avoided life years gained (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Effectiveness and utilities were obtained from literature. Local costs (expressed in 2011 $US) and epidemiology (data from 2009-2011) were obtained from Guatemala=s official databases. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed. The time horizon for total costs was one year and for outcomes was lifetime with a discount rate of 3%. RESULTS: . Results show that immunization is cost-saving against no-vaccination. PCV-13 gained more QALYs (7,569) against PCV-10 (5,824). PCV-13 prevented 5658 illnesses and gained 8404 LYs, while PCV-10 prevented 4140 illnesses and gained 6465 LYs. Total costs of illness with PCV-13, PCV-10 and no vaccination were $2,599,952, $3,071,811 and $5,534,657, respectively. These results were robust to variations in herd immunity and impact adjustments of PCV-10 immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: . This is the first cost-effective...

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