No abstract

A model for managing the system "road conditions - traffic flows" is proposed that allows to ensure the functioning of the complex "driver - car - road - environment" in any weather and climate conditions. The analysis of the proposed model and target functional shows that optimization of the "road conditions - traffic flow" system can proceed in many directions, the main of which are: optimal development and placement of the network of forest roads, improving their technical level and level of maintenance, road engineering equipment , efficient traffic management, excluding the rational distribution of forest traffic on the network of forest roads and the management modes on individual logging roads and sections of forest roads. The developed model makes it possible to carry out a theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the interaction between «driver-car-road-environment" system in order to identify the reserves of increasing efficiency of its operation and purposeful management of this process. Transport-operational characteristics of logging roads are the main factors that shape the conditions of timber transport on the road, mode, convenience and safety of traffic and determine the efficiency of road transport, and connections of many characteristics of roads with the traffic modes have deterministic, corrective character. These patterns are the basis for the development of technical requirements for logging roads. The proposed model for integrated creation and management of the functioning of a forest road may already be implemented. However, the design of roads is expedient to provide complex control engineering and organizational measures to ensure the estimated traffic conditions during the whole period of operation of the road, regardless of the time of year and weather and climate conditions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of taken decisions should be made with mandatory consideration for ensuring the required performance of logging road in adverse periods of the year and in difficult weather conditions

The paper presents the analysis of existing technologies, technological processes and technological equipment, as well as the state of the organization of production of beef breeding in Russia. The adoption of the program “Development of beef breeding in Russia” allowed significant expansion of the production of beef by raising specialized beef cattle not only for the southern and southeastern regions of our country, but also in the rest of Russia. Nowadays, the geography of beef breeding has expanded significantly: it is being actively implemented in six of the eight federal districts. Thus in 2018, 74 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were selected for priority support of livestock breeding. The authors note that the successful economic development of the industry is primarily determined by the engineering and technical level and the technical and economic base of agricultural production, as well as the power availability and the degree of mechanization of production processes in general. However, during the period of economic reforms in Russia, there was a sharp drop in the level of comprehensive mechanization of beef farms. Thus, today the provision of machinery and equipment in this industry does not exceed 65% of the standards. It is necessary to note that the problem with special-purpose machinery and equipment for industrial technologies of fattening beef is one of the reasons for the technical and technological backwardness of this industry. During the design, construction and operation of feeding enterprises, it is obligatory to carry out a technical and economic analysis of various options for industrial feeding of livestock, since modern realities require producers to solve many important issues, such as qualitative definition of territories for the production of beef cattle in the Russian Federation.

The preparation of high quality seed material requires cleaning on special seed graders. Seeds of different cultures have particular surface and shape. Taking into account these differences, various plants have been developed and are widely used. The need for magnetic cleaning is caused by the impossibility of high-quality separation of seeds of different forestry crops. The analysis of modern technical means for the preparation of seed material showed that the idea of combining air and magnetic cleaning deserves special attention. In air magnetic separation, various forces influence a seed particle, the magnitudes and direction of which vary depending on the design parameters of the inductor and the position of a particle in the magnetic field of an inductor. It is possible to investigate the movement of a particle in the working channel, as well as to create a mathematical model by accepting some assumptions, the result of which will determine the main regularities of the air magnetic separation process and theoretically study the influence of the structural and technological parameters of the air separator on separation process. The particle motion curves were constructed for various values of magnetic force in the working channel according to the results of the analysis of seed motion trajectories. During the course of the research the graph illustrating the possibility of performing the process of air magnetic separation depending on the ratio of the air flow rate and magnetic force influencing a particle is presented.

The study of vehicular movement modes in adverse weather conditions allowed defining the dependence of traffic modes at certain road segments on weather conditions. It is found that the average vehicle speed changes within a year over a wide range depending on road conditions even on its straight horizontal sections. There is a considerable difference in the maximum speed of traffic movement. Complex road sections significantly influence the traffic mode during any period of the year, especially in adverse weather conditions. The road surface condition exerts the greatest impact on the traffic speed. If the adhesion coefficient equals 0.2-0.3 the average traffic speed is 20-25% lower than if that adhesion coefficient equals 0.5-0.6, and in ice conditions the average traffic speed decreases by 40-50%. The proposed calculation formula allows defining the influence of weather conditions on the traffic mode of free-moving cars or cars in a joint traffic flow. It provides for the feasibility study regarding measures aimed to increase the traffic speed in adverse weather conditions of the year. Based on the observations and calculations the correlation dependences of average and maximum traffic speeds on the adhesion coefficient within a 7.0 m-wide road without the hard shoulder were obtained.