The orbit encases the ocular globe with its appendages. Tumours of the orbit include a broad spectrum of pathologies [1][2][3]. Its unique anatomi-cal outline and its proximity to the cranial cavity make surgical approaches to the orbit a challenging pursuit [4]. Different surgical corridors have been described to access the orbit, each customised this article is available in open access under Creative Common attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially

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Intracranial metastases from prostate carcinoma are uncommon and usually manifest as dural secondaries in the supratentorial compartment. We present an unusual case of intra-parenchymal posterior fossa prostatic metastasis in a 61-year-old gentleman and discuss the diagnostic and management challenges involved. A 61-year-old hypertensive, diabetic man presented with gait unsteadiness for 1-month duration and no other neurological deficits. He had previously undergone bilateral orchiectomy for prostate carcinoma with multiple osseous metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined lobulated, intraventricular, peripherally enhancing lesion in the fourth ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus. He underwent sub-occipital craniectomy and decompression, and histological examination was consistent with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Although cerebellar secondaries are atypical, a suspicion of metastasis should be upheld in all patients with the history of prostate carcinoma, regardless of their location and radiological characteristics of the intracranial lesion.

Background: Traumatic basal ganglia hematomas (TBGH) are rare entities. They are situated in the deep cerebral parenchyma and have also been termed as intermediate coup contusions. Available literature is sparse with regards to the characteristics and prognosis of TBGH. We aim to share our experience in the management, outcomes, and prognostic factors of TBGH. Methods: A 4-year retrospective study which included all cases of TBGH, except dot contusions (<2 mL) and those with coagulopathies. Admission variables were correlated with Glasgow Outcome Scale score at discharge and 12 months. Results: Thirty-two patients were analyzed. The mean age was 39.2 years. Two-thirds were due to road traffic accidents. Around 60% were severe head injuries. The mean Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at presentation was 8.5. Twenty patients had moderate-to-severe hemiparesis. The mean hematoma volume was 18.1 mL. Associated traumatic intracranial lesions were seen in 28 cases. Only 7 patients (22%) underwent surgery. The mean follow-up was 17.4 months (range 14–34 months). The mortality rate was 12.5% (n = 4). Among the survivors, only 39% (n = 11) had good outcomes at discharge which showed modest improvement to 54% (n = 15) at 12 months. Conclusion: Our study noted that poor admission GCS scores, poor motor response, presence of significant hemiparesis, and larger hematoma volumes (>20 mL) correlated with poor outcomes at 12 months. The overall outcomes have been mostly unfavorable as observed in majority of studies due to deeper location of these hematomas, high proportion of severe head injuries, and high proportion of residual weakness in survivors.