Ectopic thyroid tissue primarily occurs along the course of the embryologic migration of the thyroid gland. Mediastinal thyroid may be differentiated into primary and secondary form. Primary mediastinal goiters are quite rare, occurring in <1% of all goiters. We present findings of 29-year-old female, case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who underwent iodine-131 whole body scintigraphy after total thyroidectomy showed a primary mediastinal mass lesion along with residual thyroid. She underwent mediastinal mass excision through sternotomy and biopsy confirmed as ectopic nodular colloid goiter with no malignancy.

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Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas, together known as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC), are among the most curable of cancers. Distant metastases are rare events at the onset of DTC. Among these presentations, metastasis to the liver is even more unusual. Only 11 cases of DTC with liver metastasis were previously reported in the literature. We present a 55-year-old male on Iodine-131 whole body scintigraphy showed intense uptake in thyroid bed, metastasis in both lungs and right lobe of the liver. Radioiodine concentration in liver metastases made him amenable to high-dose radioiodine therapy patient.

Differentiated thyroid cancer is, usually, associated with an excellent prognosis and indolent course. Distant metastases are rare events at the onset of thyroid cancer. Among these presentations, metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes is even more unusual. Only few cases of papillary carcinoma with axillary nodal metastasis were previously reported in the literature. We present a 38-year-old female who underwent Iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy, after total thyroidectomy and bilateral neck lymph node dissection for papillary carcinoma of thyroid, showed intense uptake in the remnant thyroid, lung metastasis, left cervical and left axillary lymph nodes. Excision of left axillary lymph nodes confirmed metastatic papillary carcinoma.

18F-FDG PET/CT is increasingly applied in staging and response to treatment assessment of lymphomas. Multiple isolated cases with extranodal involvement of Non hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL), detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT, have been previously reported. Here, we report a rare case of extranodal NHL involving multiple sites namely pericardium, kidney, pancreas in addition to mediastinal lymph nodes which were detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT. In the present case, involvement was accurately demonstrated, and early complete remission was documented using baseline and follow-up FDG PET/CT.