An electro-optic display mechanism is described which uses a smectic A liquid crystal of positive dielectric anisotropy. Information can be written on the display, stored there without a sustaining voltage i.e. has a memory, and subsequently can be erased electrically. The erase mechanism involves a dielectric re-orientation of the smectic molecules, and the writing mechanism involves a turbulent scattering state that resembles nematic dynamic scattering. The turbulent state is characterised by large rotating vortices whose plane of motion is orthogonal to the field direction. The conditions required to obtain scattering at the lowest practical threshold voltage are discussed.

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Presenting visual information using binary‐phase holography has a number of advantages over conventional video projection techniques. However, acceptable image quality for video applications has yet to be realised. In addition, the computational complexity of hologram generation has precluded real‐time operation. The authors present a new approach to hologram generation and display which allows high‐quality images to be projected holographically, in real time.

Taking into account recent developments and present trends in devices and component technologies, the future development of electrically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators is considered. In particular, the combination of single-crystal-silicon active backplane and chiral smectic C liquid crystal technologies is shown to be promising. The ultimate limitations of such technologies for producing faster devices of higher complexity and functionality are assessed, and an advanced device, presently under development, is described.