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This series can be accounted for qualitatively by a consideration of steric effects and of the ease of formation of diand trisubstituted radicals. Differences in alternating tendencies in various systems are consistent with existing theories of alternation.

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nucleus; and indicates that the greatest base strength is found when the amino groups are in the 5,5'-position rather than the 4,4'-and that the non-planar molecule has greater base strength than a corresponding planar molecule.Acknowledgment.-The work was completed under contract with the Office of Naval Research. The authors also wish to acknowledge the help of Katherine Matthews and Constance O'Hara who did some of the exploratory work. SummaryUltraviolet absorption curves of two dinitrobitolyls and four diaminobitolyls have been determined in alcohol solution. The results give additional information regarding the effect of steric hindrance and position of the substituent group on the absorption of the molecule and are in accord with predicted effects.The absorption curves of the four diaminobitolyls have been studied in hydrochloric acid solutions of different strengths. Ionization constants for the equilibria between amine, singly and doubly charged ions were calculated by potentiometric and spectrophotometric means.