The pathogenesis and etiology of Hodgkin's disease, a common human malignant lymphoma, is still unresolved. As a unique characteristic, we have identified constitutive activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p50-RelA in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells, which discriminates these neoplastic cells from most cell types studied to date. In contrast to other lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell lines tested, proliferation of H/RS cells depended on activated NF-kappaB. Furthermore, constitutive NF-kappaB p50-RelA prevented Hodgkin's lymphoma cells from undergoing apoptosis under stress conditions. Consistent with this dual function, Hodgkin's lymphoma cells depleted of constitutive nuclear NF-kappaB revealed strongly impaired tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Our findings identify NF-kappaB as an important component for understanding the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease and for developing new therapeutic strategies against it.

A histo- and immunohistochemical examination of the superior deep cervical lymph nodes was performed in a group of 19 patients who died from intracerebral haemorrhage. For comparison two control groups without cerebral lesions were studied (n = 17, n = 13). Free iron deposits as shown within the lymph nodes by Prussian blue reaction were seen significantly more often following intracerebral haemorrhage than without bleeding. The expression of CD 68 (a marker for macrophages) or CR 3/43 (microglia) gave a strong reaction, but there are no significant differences between the three groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was rarely seen in the three groups. Raising the CSF pressure results in increased CSF drainage into the cervical lymph nodes. The clinical importance of this lymphatic drainage suggests a communication between the brain and the immune system of the head and neck, with a possible selective up- and down-regulation.

No abstract

No abstract

Certain cells which often form prominent populations in mouse lymph nodes have the morphological characteristics of, and parallel the development of, young erythroid cells. These cells produce no histochemically detectable amounts of hemoglobin and bear no indication of full-scale nuclear extrusion. Their nucleoli persist beyond the state of development at which nucleoli disappear from erythroid cells of the bone marrow and spleen. In their persistence, these nucleoli display a structure which is very similar to the “segregation” often found in nuclear intoxication.Profiles of these nucleoli seen in electron micrographs lie usually in contact with condensed chromatin and often appear to be completely surrounded by it (Figure 1). They have the internal appearance of being made up of two or three discrete components each separate from the others. The outer layer is composed of granules about the size and shape of cytoplasmic ribosomes, packed together to an extent intermediate between the interchromatin and the chromatin (Figure 2). Inside the granular shell there are one or several aggregations of fibrillar material, often forming a circular profile (Figure 2). In most nucleoli a third component is present and consists of clusters of darkly staining granules similar to the chromatin but lying within the nucleolus, frequently at the interface of the other components (Figure 3).