Thirty-nine isolates and additional refcrcnce strains of methanotrophic bacteria were studied with respect to mol yo G + C of their DNA and the type of intracytoplasmatic membranes. The results on the whole confirm the former classification scheme of WHITTEKBURY et-al. (1970). However, problematic groups such a s "Methylocyatis" and "41 ethylobacter" are in need of additional taxonomic studies.The present situation in nomenclature and taxonomy of methanotrophic bacteria is confused in spite of the recommendations of "Approved Lists" (SKERMANN ef nl. 1980) and the quite recently issued BERGEY 9th edit. (vol. 1). This is due partly to the lack of information and the neglect of taxonomically useful characters, and partly t o the lack of a generally accepted taxonomic guideline. However, there seems t o exist a general consensus that the scheme of WHITTENBURY et al. Type I is characterized by closely packed bundles (stacks) of membranes (flattened Type I1 is characterized by pairs of periphcrically and loosely arranged mcnihranes I n the course of ecological and taxonomic studies of obligately methanotrophic bacteria, 39 own isolates and 8 reference strains have bccri examined with reference t o their membrane type and the moly; guanine and cytosine (G T C ) of their DNA.vesicles) (Pig. 1). (Fig. 2). Matorials and methodsThe strains studied and their sources are listed in Table 1. Intracytoplasmatic membranes were investigated by thin sectioning following the procedure of HAUBOLD (1978). The mol yo G + C of the DNA was calculated from T m values according to the method of MAEMUR and DOTY (1962) modified by HEYER and BOCKEL.Culture conditions : The methanotrophic bacteria were grown in a mineral medium (LEADBETTER and FOSTER 1958) in a 5 1 glass fermenter, which was supplied with a methane/air/CO, mixture arvested by centrifugation and conserved by freezing (-20 "C).checked microscopically.at 37 'C, followed by the addition of sodium dodecylsulfate (see under a)).
EinleitungDas Stoffwechselgeschehen in Bakterienkulturen lLBt sich in gewissem Umfang durch physikochemische Mel3groBen charakterisieren. pH-Wert und Redoxpotential werden fur diese Zwecke schon seit Jahren herangezogen. Ober die Bedeutung dieser Faktoren fur die Lebenstatigkeit der Mikroorganismen findet sich eine Zusammenstellung bei RABOTNOWA (1963). Durch Kombination mit Trubungsmessungen wird es moglich, die PH-und Redoxpotentialwerte den entsprechenden Populationsphasen der wachsenden Bakterienkultur zuzuordnen. Zur Charakterisierung des Stoffwechselgeschehens eignet sich als weitere physikochemische MeBgroIje die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffverbrauchs, wofiir verschiedene Moglichkeiten zur Verf ugung stehen. Die kontinuierliche Bestimmung des Gelostsauerstoffs wird am zweckmiil3igsten ohne Probenahme in der Kulturlosung durchgefuhrt. Durch laufende Entnahme wurde sich auch das Verhaltnis von Fliissigkeitsvolumen zur Oberflache andern. Es ist daher gunstig, die Messungen in einem speziellen abgeschlossenen KulturgefaB vorzunehmen. Unseres Wissens waren ZEIDLER und TAUBENECK (1956) die ersten, die in Kulturen mehrere physikochemische MeBgroOen kontinuierlich registrierten und damit zeitraubende punktweise Messungen (STOLP 1955) umgingen. Kombinierte Messungen scheinen geeignet, den EinfluB bestimmter Substanzen auf das Wachstum der Bakterien zu studieren und umfassendere Aussagen als aus getrennten Triibungs-oder Atmungsmessungen ( SCHOOG 1956) zu ermoglichen (JACOB u. HORN 1962). Die angefuhrten GroBen sind auch fur technische Fermentationsprozesse von Bedeutung. Apparativer AufbauR e g i s t r i e r g e r a t Die Registrierung erfolgt durch einen Kompensationsbandschreiber mit 12 MeBstellen (Punktfolge wahlweise 3, 6 oder 12 Sekunden) des VEB Meagerate-und 14, 471-476.
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