Objective: To evaluate the physiological deadspace/tidal volume ratio (V D /V T ) as a predictor of extubation failure in 42 ventilated children (median age: 4.75 years).Method: Extubation readiness was determined using the criteria proposed by the 6 th International Consensus Conference on Intensive Care Medicine adapted to children.Results: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in four patients who developed respiratory failure after extubation; none was reintubated. Children who needed NIV to avoid reintubation had a significantly higher V D /V T ratio than those who were extubated without NIV (p < 0.001). The cut-off value of V D /V T ratio was 0.55 and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86. Conclusion:Our findings confirm the good predictive value of weaning success/failure of the V D /V T ratio and suggest its role for predicting the need for NIV after extubation. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(3):217-21:Weaning from mechanical ventilation, capnography, VD/VT ratio, children. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a razão entre espaço morto e volume corrente fisiológicos (V D /V T ) como preditor do fracasso na extubação em 42 crianças ventiladas (idade média: 4,75 anos).Método: Prontidão para extubação foi determinada usando os critérios propostos pela 6 a Conferência Internacional de Consenso em Medicina Intensiva adaptados a crianças.

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