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Abstract:The tri-reforming process was employed for syngas production from biogas at elevated pressures in this study. In the tri-reforming process, air and water were added simultaneously as reactants in addition to the main biogas components. The effects of various operating parameters such as pressure, temperature and reactant composition on the reaction performance were studied numerically. From the simulated results, it was found that methane and carbon dioxide conversions can be enhanced and a higher hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio can be obtained by increasing the amount of air. However, a decreased hydrogen yield could result due to the reverse water-gas shift reaction. A higher level of methane conversion and hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio can be obtained with increased water addition.

Escherichia coli W3110 contains four types of IS1 elements in the chromosome. Using an insertion element entrapping system, we collected 116 IS1 plasmid insertion mutants, which resulted from a minimum of 26 independent IS1 insertion events. All of them had insertions of IS1 of the IS1A (IS1E and IS1G) type. Inspection of the transposase sequences of the four IS1 types and the IS1 of the resistance plasmid R100 showed that two amino acid residues, His-193 and Leu-217 of transposase, might contribute to differential transposability of IS1 elements in W3110. The two amino acid residues of the transposase in IS1A (IS1E and IS1G) were altered separately by site-directed mutagenesis, and each mutant was found to mediate transposition at a frequency about 30-fold lower than that of IS1A (IS1E and IS1G). Thus, the assumption that His-193 and Leu-217 of transposase contribute to differential transposability of IS1 elements in W3110 was confirmed.

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As nations face aging populations, elderly individuals often resist seeking medical care, negatively impacting their physical and mental well-being. Current telemedicine solutions often present unfriendly interfaces, exacerbating seniors' difficulties comprehending these technologies. To address these challenges, we developed a web-based application enabling elderly users to access rehabilitation data on mobile devices, gain insights into their rehabilitation training, and obtain medical guidance.Our methodology combined semi-structured interviews with seniors, on-site observations, and expert consultations to understand user requirements. We then conducted usability task experiments to assess key usability metrics, such as satisfaction, efficiency, and error rates. Finally, we employed a usability questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the application's usability and seniors' motivation.Analyzing the completion of five predetermined tasks and the results of the MAUQ questionnaire, our findings demonstrated good overall usability for elderly users, with an average score of 5.20 per question. Using an independent sample T-test, we found that although the total questionnaire score remained unaffected by respondents' education level, significant differences arose concerning ease of use and satisfaction among respondents with distinct educational backgrounds.Our study highlights that the web application enhances older adults' willingness to use mobile devices for rehabilitation. By integrating the application into geriatric rehabilitation training, healthcare providers can facilitate a deeper understanding of seniors' conditions, increase motivation for rehabilitation, and streamline the process, making it accessible, digital, and visually engaging.