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Using the laser heterodyne detection technique, we analyze the Doppler spectra broadening effect on a laser signal induced by rotating diffuse reflecting targets. The Fourier transform is conducted on the laser heterodyne signal to obtain the broadening spectra. The broadening effect of targets with different convex bodies and surface reflection characteristics are analyzed. The angular velocity, relative change in azimuth angle and surface reflectivity of rotating targets can be derived from this model, which could be applied to the differentiation of various targets. An experiment conducted by point scanning on a rotating cylinder gave results in correspondence with our analytical model.