Sex hormones may play a role in colonic carcinogenesis, as evidenced by epidemiologic and experimental data showing different tumor rates in males and females. We investigated the effects of hormonal manipulation on tumor development and on androgen receptor binding in both colonic wall and experimentally induced tumors in male rats. Five of six groups, each with 40 animals, were given 10 weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane (AOM), 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Group-I served as normal controls. Group-II received AOM only. Group-III was castrated 2 weeks prior to carcinogen treatment. Group-IV was castrated similarly and then hormone substituted with testosterone propionate. Group-V was chemically castrated with the anti androgen cyproterone acetate. Group-VI was castrated and given hormone vehicle. Scatchard analysis for androgen receptors in cytosol from normal colonic wall and tumor was performed with 3H-methyltrienolone as the ligand. Androgens were found to have an inhibitory effect on carcinogenesis: chemical castration increased colonic tumor development (P less than 0.05 for multiplicity), and testosterone administration produced a borderline statistically significant reduction in tumor incidence in surgically castrated rats (P less than 0.053), particularly in the right colon. Specific binding sites for androgen with high affinity and low capacity were found in the colonic wall of all groups. Receptor density was not altered by AOM administration, but increased after surgical castration. Receptor density was markedly lower in tumors than in normal colonic wall. Receptor binding sites in tumors were not altered by the various hormonal manipulations. Our study demonstrated that although cytoplasmic androgen receptors are present in colonic wall and in experimental tumors, AOM-induced colonic carcinogenesis appears to be only mildly affected by manipulation of androgens.

The rat model of azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis was evaluated for the occurrence of an adenoma-carcinoma sequence analogous to that in human beings. Male 10-week-old Fischer 344 rats were given 10 weekly subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Every 2 weeks after the first dose, 5 animals were necropsied. A colon tumor was identified first at week 10. At week 16, at least 60% of the rats generally had a colon tumor. The mean size of the tumors tended to increase progressively during the study. Histopathologic examination showed invasion of the muscularis mucosae or deeper layers of the colonic wall in 74% of the tumors. Invasion was unrelated to the size of the tumors, being identified in even the smallest tumors of 1–2 mm of diameter. Invasion was also unrelated to the severity of dysplasia in the tumors, occurring in 83 % of the tumors with low-grade dysplasia, but in 69% of the tumors with high-grade dysplasia. No tumor showed the histopathologic features of an adenoma giving rise to an invasive carcinoma. The findings indicate that an adenoma-carcinoma sequence analogous to that in human beings does not occur in the rat model of azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis.

Primary xenotransplantation of six different human colorectal adenocarcinomas onto nude mice yielded a mean tumor take of 85%. Administration of steroid hormones induced tumor remissions in some cases. Neither the stage of the original patient's tumors nor their hormone receptor content seemed to be related to the result of the hormone therapies. It is concluded that some colorectal cancers can be treated as hormone-sensitive tumors.

cervicitis, bacterial vaginosis) according to the current official clinical protocols for the ambulatory gynecological care in Ukraine (Decree of the MOH No.417 dd 15.07.2011). Hormonal drugs were prescribed in 20% cases: norethisterone (Table 5 mg) -$16,5, medroxyprogesterone (susp. for injection 150 mg/ml) -$21,8, levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) -$87, dienogest (Table 2 mg) -$111, 7. The average cost of herbal medicines along with the recommendation of long-term monitoring was $26,7 in 30% of patients. Other patients were treated symptomatically with antibiotics, antiprotozoal medicines for an average 10 days (jozamycin, clindamicin+clotrymazol, ciprofloxacin+ornidazole, doxycycline). ConClusions: Accessibility and usability of patients'electronic databases provides a dataset for healthcare system stakeholders to make rational and evidence-based decisions about whether a particular treatment should be approved or reimbursed on the local and national level.

Summary. In a randomized study in 20 male Wistar rats a defect in the abdominal wall, 3 x 4 cm in size, was covered wit Lyodura and Lyodura soft. Eleven transplants (55 %) showed primary healing. One animal died as a result of infection and a burst abdomen. The animals were killed after 3 months. The tensile strength of the wounds treated with Lyodura soft and showing primary healing was three times that of the wounds closed with normal dura (median : 10.9 N/3.6 N). Both kinds have proved good histological compatibility, Lyodura soft being integrated more slowly.Key words: Replacement of wall dura -Compatibility -Tensile strength.Zusammenfassung. Bei 20 m/innlichen Wistar-Ratten wurde ein Bauchwanddefekt der Gr6Be 3 x 4 cm nach Randomisierung durch Lyodura und Lyodura ,,soft" gedeckt. 11 Transplantate (55 %) heilten primfir ein. Ein Tier verstarb durch Infektion und Platzbauch. Die T6tung der Tiere erfolgte nach 3 Monaten. Die Reigfestigkeit der mit Lyodura soft behandelten Wunden mit Primgrheilung war dreimal gr6Ber als die mit normaler Dura verschlossenen (Median: 10,9 N/3,6 N). Beide Sorten erwiesen sich histologisch als gut vertrfiglich. Lyodura soft wird langsamer umgebaut.