Oral vaccination of red foxes against rabies has been practiced in Europe since 1978 and has succeeded in greatly reducing the occurrence of this disease in foxes: this is an example of coordinated activity against a disease that affects both wild and domestic animals as well as humans. Some examples of diseases that affect both domestic and wild animals in Europe are: classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild boars and domestic swine; myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease in domestic and wild rabbits; bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in cattle and roe deer; contagious ecthyma in domestic sheep and goats and also in, e.g., chamois, muskox, and reindeer; Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, wild boars, badgers, and deer; and brucellosis in a broad range of livestock and wildlife in all European countries. In addition, serological surveys performed in different free-ranging ungulate species revealed the presence of alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus-1 in 7 European countries; and a study of malignant catarrhal fever in deer in Germany might indicate that in this case sheep are the main reservoir species. Although many data on infectious diseases are available in various European countries, there is more need for systematic surveillance and coordinated research.

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Abstract. Spontaneous amyloidosis is known in more than 30 mammalian species. Various patterns of mammalian amyloidosis are reviewed. On the basis of the anatomical distribution of the amyloid deposits a distinction is made between patterns with typical amyloid distribution, patterns with atypical distribution, and so-called intermediate or mixed patterns. Staining, histochemical, and electron microscopic properties of amyloid and possible etiological factors of amyloidosis in different mammalian species are briefly discussed.

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Sarcocysts from the tongue muscle of a European badger (Meles meles) are reported for the first time and described by light and transmission electron microscopy. Judging from the ultrastructure of the cyst wall, the parasite is similar to the species Sarcocystis gracilis Rátz, 1909 sensu Erber, Boch & Barth (1978) from roe deer and possibly identical with it. This is noteworthy regarding the intermediate host specificity.