Dans la ville de Biskra, l’alimentation en eau potable des habitants et l’irrigation des cultures reposent sur l’exploitation des eaux souterraines des aquifères du Sahara Septentrional. L’un des enjeux majeurs pour la durabilité de l’utilisation de cette ressource est la qualité des eaux de certains aquifères (Phréatique et Miopliocène). Ces dernières sont fortement minéralisées (entre 2 et 3 g∙L‑1 de sel dissous). Leur faciès chimique dominant est le sulfaté-chloruré avec un excès de chlorures, supérieur à la norme de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) de 250 mg∙L‑1. Afin de remédier à ce problème de salinité et dans le but de développer une technique d’adoucissement fiable et économiquement soutenable, nous avons dans ce travail expérimenté deux procédés d’adoucissement partiel, la coagulation-floculation au sulfate d’aluminium d’une part et la précipitation à la chaux éteinte Ca(OH)2 d’autre part. Les principaux résultats confirment que l’élimination des ions chlorures est plus ou moins faible, pour les deux procédés testés et sont respectivement de 29,7 % et de 19,1 %. Nous avons également mis en évidence que le traitement des eaux à la chaux éteinte était plus efficace, les ions sulfates étant réduits à 73,3 %. Toutefois, ce procédé a augmenté le pH des eaux traitées, ce qui a nécessité en aval un ajustement de ce dernier. De même, la concentration en ions bicarbonates a diminué d'environ 85 % car l'emploi de la chaux agit non seulement sur les chlorures et les sulfates associés aux ions calcium et magnésium, mais aussi sur les bicarbonates. Ces essais ont également permis de justifier le choix de la méthode la plus adaptée techniquement et économiquement pour l’adoucissement des eaux de la région d’étude.In Biskra drinking water supply for inhabitants and the irrigation of crops are based on the exploitation of the groundwater aquifers of the northern Sahara. One of the major challenges for the sustainability of use of this resource is water quality of some aquifers (phreatic and Miopliocene). These are highly mineralized (between 2 and 3 g∙L‑1 of dissolved salt), the dominant chemical facies being sulphate-chloride with an excess of chlorides higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard (250 mg∙L‑1). To remedy this problem of salinity and in order to develop a reliable and economically sustainable softening technique, we have tested two partial softening processes in this work, coagulation-flocculation with aluminum sulphate on the one hand and precipitation with slaked lime Ca(OH)2 on the other. The main results confirm that the removal of chloride ions is low for both tested processes, 29.7% and 19.1% respectively. We have also demonstrated that water treatment with slaked lime was more efficient, sulphate ions being reduced to 73.3%. However, this process increased the pH of the treated water and required a subsequent pH adjustment. Similarly, the concentration of bicarbonate ions decreased by about 85% because the use of slaked lime acts not only on chlorides and sulphates associate...
Lake Mellah close to the Mediterranean Sea in north-eastern Algeria belongs to valuable ornithological sites with numerous, often migratory, birds. To achieve the research goal, seventeen (17) sampling points were sampled based on the urbanization of the watershed. Water samples were taken at different wadis levels (upstream and downstream of settlements), as well as at the wastewater treatment plant and in Lake Mellah based on four measurement campaigns conducted at one frequency seasonal (high water, low water) during the year (2011/2012). Biological parameters (coliform faecal bacteria, streptococci) were analysed in water of the lake and its affluents in the laboratory of the Department of Health and Population, El Taref by the most probable number (MPN) technique of the Mac Grady table taken from various points. Obtained results were processed by the use of Bourgeois ratio (coliform faecal bacteria: streptococci) to indicate the origin of faecal contamination of waters and to establish maps of the spatio-temporal evolution of this ratio by the software Surfer 9. This way we obtained information of contamination of human origin during the dry season coming from domestic waste waters. In winter the ratio showed animal prevalence of contamination coming primarily from Animal Park in El Kala.
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