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In this work, structural and optical properties of the TiO 2 films deposited on unheated substrates by dual cathode dc unbalanced magnetron sputtering at long substrate-target distance (d s-t) were studied. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on unheated Si (110) wafers, glass slides and carbon coated copper grids at different substrate to target (d s-t) distances. The structural properties of TiO 2 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microcopy (TEM) with selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), surface morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical transmission spectra using a spectrophotometer. XRD results show that TiO 2 films deposited at various d s-t distances have only rutile crystal structure. The crystallinity and thickness of the films increased while the roughness decreased with decreasing d s-t distance. The refractive indices of the deposited films were found to be in the range of 2.51-2.82 and increased with decreasing d s-t distance.

The main purpose of the present study was to implement a sensor system to help improving the venipuncture accuracy for medical technology students using a rubber arm system. The rubber arm simulated human arm having veins with a pump circulated fluid inside. The fluid represented human blood which is usually withdrawn at three areas of vein in the arms, i.e., median cephalic, median basilic, and median cubital veins. The venipuncture sensing system consists of the electrical sensors connected to the rubber arm, a needle and a control box. The arm sensor was designed to detect electric quantities derived as the result of different resistances of needle tip in different materials. Three testers performed ten venipuncture tests at each at the three locations by using the sensor system. During the test, the numbers of venipuncture and various types of venipuncture output were collected by the sensor. Based on the results, the accuracy of the venipuncture was determined. It was found that the average accuracy was 76±10%. Moreover, the training effectiveness of the system was evaluated by divided the accuracy results into two parts i.e., the first half and the second half of the tests. Accuracy comparisons was made between these parts. It was found that the accuracy was improved at all three areas along with the reduced through venipuncture percentage. This research provided an optional possibility of using a venipuncture sensor for medical technology students.

Hafnium oxide layer was deposited on unheated silicon wafer and glass substrates at different power by using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The structural property was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, HfO2 structure in monoclinic major phase especially at high RF power was found from the Raman spectra in vibrational modes. In addition, oxidations state of hafnium oxide thin films was gained by synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) using Hf L3-edge of XANES techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well. The XANES and XPS results show that the oxidation state of HfO2 films is unchanged at different powers. The thin film prepared at higher power tends to have lower of oxygen vacancy.