The Phoenix metropolitan area has a unique combination of circumstances which makes it one of the prime areas in the Nation for waste water reuse. Overriding all of these conditions is the long‐term inadequacy of the existing water supplies. The Salt River Valley has a ground water overdraft of about 700,000 acre feet per year. To help alleviate this situation, the Corps of Engineers in conjunction with the MAG 208 is looking at ways to reuse a projected 2020 waste water flow of 340,000 acre feet per year. Reuse options identified include ground water recharge, agricultural irrigation, turf irrigation, recreational lakes, fish and wildlife habitats, and industrial cooling. These look nice on paper but before they can be implemented, some hard questions have to be answered, such as: How acceptable are local treatment plants when 15 years ago there was a major push to eliminate local plants; is the Phoenix area ready for reuse in urban areas; what are people willing to pay for water; who benefits if a city goes to ground water recharge; how much agriculture will be left in the area by 2020? These and other questions must be resolved if reuse is to become a viable option in water resource planning in the Phoenix area. Summary. Large scale reuse of waste water conforms with the national goal of better resource management through recycling. The Phoenix metropolitan area has a unique combination of circumstances which makes it one of the prime areas in the nation for waste water reuse. Some of the most notable conditions are: the existence of a large and rapidly growing urban area which is in the process of planning for future waste water management systems; the existence of agricultural areas which are projected to be farmed well into the future, and the existence of constructed and planned major recreational systems such as Indian Bend Wash which can use recycled waste water; the existence of extensive depleted ground water aquifers; the need for a dependable source for the cooling of the Palo Verde Nuclear reactors; and finally, overriding all of this, the long‐term inadequacy of the existing water supplies. Given this, one would expect to find total reuse within the Phoenix metropolitan area. Reuse is taking place with irrigation and nuclear power cooling to the west but there is no long term plan which looks at the Valley as a whole and considers waste water as part of the Valley's water resources. The Corps 208 plan is looking at waste water in this manner but initial analysis shows that although reuse is technically feasible there are many financial, social, institutional, and political questions still to be answered. These include: determining the value of existing diminishing water sources and what people are willing to pay for the next source of water; are people willing to identify priority uses of water for the area so that water of varying quality is put to its highest and best use; will the present institutional boundaries remain to create water‐rich and water‐poor areas; and will legislation ...

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When AFDA conducted the 1000 F hi^ temperature tests on the primary system of the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant, carbonaceous gases and vapors were evolved from the graphite in the reactor plug. The purpose of this report is to summarize the efforts that have been expended to determine the amount of carbon evolved, the methods suitable for removing the carbon from the sodium, the possible problems that could be caused by the carbon, and methods of operational control of the carbon. Based upon the study conducted and reported in this summary report, there should be no further outgassing from the plug due to temperature. Some gas may be evolved each year due to radiation. However, these gases shoiild be mostly hydrogen. Any carbonaceovis gases that should be evolved can be readily dissolved into the sodium and removed in the carbon removal system thereby forming no crust. To date, the experiments on methods of removing carbon from sodivim are not complete. However, sufficient data are in to indicate that of the possible problems that could be postulated as being caused by the off-gases none appear to be serious. Additional experimental work is under way to provide hi^-power operating criteria for Fermi. The plugging indicator orifice plate at Fermi has been redesigned to provide orifices of 0.030 inches in diameter to indicate particle sizes that would be of the order of the pore size of the screens in the reactor subassemblies.