A facial moisturizer incorporating the extract of Myrtus and retinol (ROL) was developed, and previously showed that this ROL complex enhancing ROL activity helps to clinically delay and reduce the signs of skin aging. ROL complex exerts its many skin benefits through transcriptional activation. Recent studies suggest epigenetic regulation through micro-RNAs (miRNAs), specific inhibitors of targeted gene translation, may also play a role in the regulation of skin aging. However, no studies demonstrated retinol's rejuvenating skin benefits could be also associated with epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in human skin. Studies were conducted to discover whether ROL complex's support in the stimulation of anti-aging biomarkers could be associated with transcriptomics and epigenetic changes in miRNA expression in human skin cells. Human adult fibroblasts were treated with either ROL and ROL complex for up to 72 hours. mRNA, miRNA and protein expressions were evaluated. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) induced by ROL were identified and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) to identify enriched biological processes. GO enrichment analysis of ROL-treated fibroblasts revealed enrichment for processes related to human skin aging such as extracellular matrix organization. In addition, ROL Complex helped induce ELN gene expression and type I pro-collagen protein production. Concomitantly, ROL Complex also caused epigenetic changes by reducing the expression of multiple miRNAs known to inhibit collagen and elastin genes expression.Thus, ROL complex may also exert its rejuvenating skin benefits through epigenetic regulation of both collagen and elastin that supports increases of extracellular matrix proteins. In conclusion, ROL complex may exert anti-aging skin benefits through a pleiotropic mode of action, uncovering epigenetics as an additional mechanism to explain and enhance its benefits.

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Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous units associated with increased follicular stratum corneum (SC) thickness and hyperkeratinization, increased sebum secretion, inflammation and impaired skin barrier. We hypothesized that excess unsaturated free fatty acids (UFFAs) in sebum may contribute to these symptoms seen in Acne. Therefore, skin surface lipids in acne and healthy subjects were investigated. In addition, a human epidermal equivalent (HEE) model treated topically with an UFFA was developed mimicking these symptoms seen in Acne. Gene expression profiling of human skin biopsies with and without acne lesions as well as of UFFA-treated HEEs Vs. controls was also performed. Increased levels of UFFAs were observed in skin lipids of human acne subjects. Topical treatment of HEEs with an UFFA resulted in impaired barrier and increased secretion of interleukin-1a (IL-1a), associated with SC thickening and hyperkeratinization, and with increased SC lipid conformational disorder indicating a decrease in barrier integrity. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a similar increase in gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and epidermal differentiation both in acne lesions and UFFA-treated HEEs. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that excess unsaturated free fatty acids (UFFAs) in sebum may contribute to the increased follicular stratum corneum (SC) thickness and hyperkeratinization, inflammation and impaired skin barrier seen in Acne. Taken together, these results suggest that UFFA-treated epidermal tissue induces a phenotypic in vitro model of acne hyperkeratinization which can be useful for the investigation of treatments that modulate acne.

si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of) Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces acute responses of sunburn and tanning, as well as longterm damages such as photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Erythema and pigmentation are known as the most prominent acute UV responses, however, comprehensive skin biophysical changes after UV irradiation have rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate dose-dependent acute effects of UV irradiation by time course changes of skin biophysical properties. 13 healthy women, with Fitzpatrick's skin type II or III, were participated. UV doses of 0.75 (suberythemogenic dose), 1, 2 (high dose) Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) were irradiated on their back using a solar simulator, based on the preliminary determined MED. Quantitative skin biophysical properties, including melanin, erythema, transepidermal water loss, hydration, skin color and blood flow were evaluated at every 4 hours until 28 hours after irradiation. As a result, they represented different patterns with critical point of change and restoration during 28 hours. Melanin, erythema, a* and skin blood flow significantly increased, whereas skin barrier function, hydration, L* and b* significantly decreased when compared to non-irradiation site. Several parameters showed the lower threshold doses than visual assessment of minimal erythema formation. Regarding UV dose, the extent of change increased as the irradiation dose increased. Also, most skin parameters changed even in suberythemogenic dose. In conclusion, we found out the dose-dependent change of skin biophysical properties after acute UV irradiation with time. It is meaningful as comprehensive skin biophysical changes of short-term photodamage were identified, and they could be adopted as new quantitative parameters for objective measurement of UV protection by sunscreens. We also suggest the development of skincare products that help skin barrier function recovery after UV exposure. Furthermore, based on the results of suberythemogenic dose reflecting non-extreme UV exposure in real life, it is concluded that efficient daily UV protection is essential. 741UV-induced CD39 expression on immunosuppressive memory T cells in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma UV radiation and immunosuppression are two major risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Previous studies support a role for regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of cSCC. We have shown that purinergic signaling plays a role in DNA damage repair (DDR). To investigate whether immunosuppressive T cells function to suppress DDR via purinergic signaling, we queried the expression of CD39 within human cSCC. CD39 catalyzes the conversion of extracellular ATP to ADP, leading to elevated extracellular AMP and adenosine (ADO) levels. We found that CD39 expression is increased on Tregs within human cSCCs when compared to T cells isolated from blood or non-lesional skin (p<0.05). Accordingly, the concentrations of extracellular ADP, AMP, and ADO are increased in tumors compared to normal skin (p...

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