We demonstrate, using a foundry-based 65nm bulk technology, mmWave CMOS VCOs in the range of 38GHz and 77GHz with highest reported continuous tuning range (14%-25%), competitive phase noise (-88dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset at 77GHz), and high P out (6dBm at 77GHz) needed to readily integrate with CMOS PA and to tolerate PVT variations. The DC power consumption of the 77GHz VCO is ~190mW and that of the 38GHz VCOs is ~60mW (~16mW without buffer) from 1V supply (V DD ). Device and design optimizations responsible for the high performance are presented. The impact of temperature and V DD variation (e.g., ~2.6GHz shift in frequency and >5.3dB variation in P out at 77GHz) is reported for the first time.

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