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Background: Type 1 diabetes is a real public health problem, concerning not only its complications and cost, but also its increasing incidence and the fact that it occurs in young people. The objective of this study is to define the epidemiological, clinical and genetic aspects of type 1 diabetes in the population of Tlemcen (West Algeria). Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of a population of 316 diabetic patients under the age of 15 years in the pediatrics service of Tlemcen University Hospital (TUH), during a period of three months from March 01 to May 31, 2017. Results: The average age of the study population is 8.71±3.12 years, the female/male sex ratio is 0.86. Regarding family history, 38.27% of the children have at least one family history of diabetes. Furthermore, 9.25% of the children are from a consanguineous marriage versus 90.75% nonconsanguineous. Conclusion: Our work to determine the epidemiological profile of diabetes in children can be a starting point for the declaration of other etiological factors whose aim is to plan a prevention strategy as well as better care for people suffering from this type of diabetes in the region of Tlemcen in particular and Algeria in general.