Environmental temperature influences the ecology and life history of animals. In habitats near the thermal range boundary, fluctuations in temperature may influence the ability of species to persist. Desert woodrats ( Neotoma lepida Thomas, 1893) occupy one of the hottest and most extreme environments in the western hemisphere, Death Valley, California, despite limited adaptations for water conservation or efficient heat dissipation. Moreover, N. lepida have a relatively low tolerance for high temperature. Thus, we hypothesized temperature might influence both the timing and the duration of activity. To test this idea, we attached iButton sensors to 56 animals over a 2-year period and recorded activity. Each sensor was set to record at 5 or 15 min intervals and stored approximately 2000 records before retrieval. We found a strong relationship between ambient temperature and onset and duration of activity, influenced by both body size and gender. Neotoma lepida did not emerge until air temperature fell below 42 °C. As daily high temperatures increased, both sexes had fewer nightly activity bouts of shorter duration. Our results suggest that activity of N. lepida is constrained during the climatically intense summer months. Animals face a trade-off between remaining in the thermal safety of the den vs. emerging to obtain resources.
The Husab Sand Lizard (Pedioplanis husabensis Berger-Dell' Mour and Mayer, 1989) is a recently described lacertid lizard endemic to a small region in the central Namib Desert. Although this species is of conservation concern, very little is known about how this lizard functions in its environment. We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field energetics in this lizard species and we report on its foraging behavior. Pedioplanis husabensis had summer field metabolic rates (330 ± 140 J·d −1 ) that were similar to those of other similarly sized sit-and-wait foraging lizards (360 J·d −1 ), but only 43% that of an active foraging lizard of the same mass (770 J·d −1 ), despite using a movement-intensive, active foraging strategy. Additionally, the mean water influx rate (0.06 ± 0.03 mL·d −1 ) was 67% that of a desert reptile of the same size (0.09 mL·d −1 ). Active body temperatures were significantly lower in summer (34.3 ± 1.7°C) than they were in autumn (36.8 ± 1.6°C), and daily activity of lizards increased from 2.6 ± 0.9 h·d −1 in summer to 4.3 ± 1.9 h·d −1 in autumn. Relative to other species of actively foraging desert lizards, P. husabensis has lower energy requirements. Berger-Dell'Mour et Mayer, 1989, est un lézard lacertidé récemment décrit du centre du désert du Namib. Si l'espèce est préoccupante sur le plan de la conservation, on en sait très peu sur la manière dont ce lézard fonctionne dans son milieu. Nous avons utilisé la méthode de l'eau doublement marquée pour mesurer l'énergétique de cette espèce de lézard sur le terrain et nous faisons état d'observations sur son comportement d'alimentation. Même s'ils utilisent une stratégie d'alimentation très active, les P. husabensis présentaient des taux métaboliques estivaux sur le terrain (330 ± 140 J·j −1 ) semblables à ceux d'autres lézards de taille semblable employant une approche d'attente aux aguets pour s'alimenter (360 J·j −1 ), mais correspondant à seulement 43 % du taux d'un lézard à quête de nourriture active de même masse (770 J·j −1 ). En outre, le taux d'apport d'eau moyen (0,06 ± 0,03 mL·j −1 ) équivalait à 67 % de celui d'un reptile de milieu désertique de même taille (0,09 mL·j −1 ). Les températures corporelles en action étaient significativement plus faibles en été (34,3 ± 1,7°C) qu'en automne (36,8 ± 1,6°C) et l'activité quotidienne des lézards augmentait de 2,6 ± 0,9 h·j −1 l'été à 4,3 ± 1,9 h·j −1 l'automne. Comparativement à d'autres espèces de lézards de milieu désertique à quête de nourriture active, P. husabensis a des besoins en énergie plus faibles. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Pedioplanis husabensis, désert du Namib, taux métabolique sur le terrain, eau doublement marquée. Résumé : Le lézard Pedioplanis husabensis
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