A review of fundamental and engineering aspects of extrusion in a single‐screw is given. Attention is focussed on flow patterns, flow rates, residence time distributions and power consumption as a function of extruder design and screw rotation speed. The relationship for these engineering variables in extrusion of a purely Newtonian liquid and a power law liquid are reviewed. Where possible these relationships are compared with experimental results from the literature (corn‐grits) and with our own measurements on biopolymers (corn‐grits, defatted soy flour, modified di‐amylopectin).

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A survey is given of the properties of single-and twin-screw extruders. The influence on the design of the different leakage gaps existing in corotating, counter-rotating, self-wiping, twin-screw extruders and singlescrew equipment is discussed. The mixing effects in single-and twin-screw equipment and the shear distribution and shear levels that can begenerated in the equipment are discussed. The overheating effect possible in singlescrew extruders is related to the type of flow in the extruder channel. Finally, the properties and power consumption of Cincinnati conical, twinscrew extruders are discussed.

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