Hydrophobic titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) film formed on metallic titanium substrate in hydrogen peroxide solution with a subsequent oxidation under air atmosphere. Component, microstructure, and hydrophobicity of the oxide film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and water contact angle methods. Corrosion resistance tests were carried out in seawater solution at different heating temperature conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques and polarization curves were used to study the changes and the corrosion resistance of the TiO 2 film. The results demonstrate that the pre-treated TiO 2 film heated at 400 8C environment owns small special groove-shaped structure on its surface, which induce higher hydrophobic capability, larger impedance, and better electrochemical stability than the film that was prepared at other temperatures or the Ti with nature formed oxidation film. It would be an ideal candidate as engineering material in deep seawater environment.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 Þ suspensions were utilized to fabricate the functionally graded coating via the Drop-on-Demand (DOD) micro-dispensing technique. A three-layered structure was formed, with a bottom 100% TiO 2 layer, an intermediate layer consisting of 50% TiO 2 and 50% HA, and a top 100% HA layer. The coating was then subjected to various characterizations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray di®raction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurement, and adhesion test. The SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques revealed that the DOD technique did not change the morphology, phase, and chemical composition of the coating materials. In addition, EDS results demonstrated the graded elemental distribution within the layer which con¯rmed the versatility of the DOD technique. A coating thickness of 20 m was achieved, with a critical load to failure at 59 mN.