Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that has been associated with cardiovascular consequences. Rapid eye movement (REM)-related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a subtype of OSA which is characterized by apneas or hypopneas predominately during REM sleep. The factors associated with REM-related OSA are still unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated characteristics of REM-related OSA in Thai patients. A total of 408 patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, comorbidities and polysomnographic data were obtained. The patients were divided into two groups: REM-related OSA and non-stage specific OSA. REM-related OSA was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 per hour, with a ratio of REM-AHI to NREM-AHI > 2, and NREM-AHI < 15 per hour. The prevalence of REM-related OSA was 21.6%. AHI and arousal index were both lower in REM-related OSA than in non-stage specific OSA. REM-related OSA was significantly associated with females (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.25–4.42, p = 0.008), age < 60 years (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.15–5.55, p = 0.021), and mild OSA (OR 17.46, 95% CI 9.28–32.84, p < 0.001). In conclusion, age < 60 years, female gender, and mild severity of OSA were associated with REM-related OSA.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Thailand is a rapidly aging society. The percentage of older adults with diabetes has also been increasing. Since diabetes mellitus is documented as a risk factor for dementia, it is important to address cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among older adults with diabetes in a suburban primary health center in Thailand. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study in 244 diabetic patients aged 60 years or older was conducted in a primary health care unit in Pathum Thani, Thailand. Cognitive function was assessed with the validated Thai version of the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Test. Sociodemographic and health characteristic data were obtained. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 54.5% (133 out of 244). Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment were ages 70–79 years compared to ages 60–69 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.62, <i>p</i> value 0.048), ages ≥80 years compared to ages 60–69 years (OR 3.65, 95% CI: 1.19–11.24, <i>p</i> value 0.024), education ≤ primary school (OR 7.28, 95% CI: 3.56–14.89, <i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.001), and medication managed by caregiver compared to self-management of medication (OR 13.40, 95% CI: 1.55–116.10, <i>p</i> value 0.019). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We revealed that approximately half of older adults with diabetes had cognitive impairment. This finding strongly suggests the need to include cognitive assessment in a standard clinical practice guideline for diabetic patients and to focus more on individuals who are very old, have low education, or are unable to manage their drugs by themselves.