No abstract

The presence of inflammation is one of the key factors in the onset and progression of various medical disorders and diseases, making it a crucial challenge for treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Vinpocetine, using acute models of inflammation; Xylene-, Carrageenan (CGN)-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced vascularpermeability in mice were used. We also employed molecular docking approach to verify the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Vinpocetine. In a current investigation, Vinpocetine showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on Xylene-and CGN-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Vinpocetine reduced inflammatory edema and restored antioxidant tissue balance, probably via suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and MPO activity, and also through increased non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) levels in paw tissue. Histopathological examination showed that Vinpocetine restored normal skin architecture with significant inhibition of tissue edema, congestion, and cellular infiltration in CGN-challenged paw. Mechanistically, Vinpocetine showed downregulation the expression of COX-2 protein, in western blot assessment, that was associated with significant decrease in the level of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) levels; a major metabolic product of COX-2 enzyme. Interestingly, Silico study showed that Vinpocetine has strong affinity to COX-2, similar to diclofenac, suggested possible mechanism of downregulation of COX-2 expression. Therefore, Vinpocetine showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses might, in part, due to inhibition of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway.

No abstract

In this study, we evaluated the clinical, biochemical, and pathological changes induced by oral administration of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE) in broilers. A total of 71day-old broilers were separated into one control group and six groups of 10 broiler chicks, which were subjected to a challenge. Various amounts of ANAE (1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 g/kg b.wt) were given orally to broilers. Over a period of 10 days, indicators such as consumption of feed, alterations in body weight, and occurrences of poisoning or death were monitored. Blood samples were taken on day 5 after treatment for the purpose of evaluating biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination was performed on liver and kidney samples taken. The group that received ANAE at a dose of 15 g/kg showed decreased appetite, decreased locomotion, and increased hypersensitivity to touch, ultimately resulting in 100% mortality. The major lesions of histological liver tissue were cholestasis and adipose changes associated with significant increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); Indicating liver impairment. Renal tissues exhibit marked inflammation, accompanied by glomerular atrophy and changes in urea levels. Based on the above data, Acacia nilotica is toxic to broilers only at 15 g/kg, demonstrating the safety profile of ANAE in broilers.