Anestrus is one of the major reproductive problems. A total of 218 local breed cows were diagnosed as 105 cows with true anestrus and 113 cows with postpartum anestrus. The results indicated that most cases of postpartum anestrus were concentrated from December to May, while the true anestrus occurred from May to September. The most important causes that were diagnosed by ultrasound for true anestrus cases were inactivity of the ovaries and anovulatory follicles. A high percentage of postpartum anestrus cases were suffered from luteinizing cysts, ovarian inactivity. Hormonal assay for inactive ovaries in true and postpartum anestrus cases revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. While the hormonal results of postpartum anestrus cases revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the estrogen with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the progesterone in case of luteal cyst, persistent corpus luteum and cystic corpus luteum which accompanied by a significant increase (p<0.05) in the prolactin .The ultrasonographical features for true anestrus showed an increase in echo rates for ovaries. In postpartum anestrus cases the luteal cyst revealed 2.88-2.90cm follicle like structure. While the cases of persistent corpus luteum showed 1.15cm-1.75cm dense theca tissue.