The major solar energetic particle events for the peak of solar cycle (24) for years (2012-2015) are analyzed by using the Energetic and Relativistic Nucleus and Electrons (ERNE) detectors and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) on board SOHO. It is found that the number of events which satisfies the required condition was 82 events. LASCO give information about Central Position Angle (CPA), Angular Width (AW), the speed of associated Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their basic features which cataloged in a data base SOHO/LASCO. The logarithmic intensity-time profile of SEP for the peak of solar cycle (24) was provided by ERNE, and from this profile the injection time, width, speed and onset time were estimated. All results that arise from these photometric analysis were statistically analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS (version 19). It have been concluded that 90% of these events were halo (360˚) CPA, 1% of North West, 4% South West and 2% North East and South East, as well as it was found that 39% gradual events and 29% impulsive events while 32% were not clear events, and also the acceleration of the energetic particle is not only in the interplanetary but also in the location of the event. We found from the statistical analysis for these events that the acceleration is inversely proportional to speed and the relationship between them is not relevant and also the speed increase in two regions, from year 2012 and 2014. This confirms that the peak of solar cycle (24) really is double peak. All these investigations were employed as data base for the space agencies to protect the solar wind.

Turfgrasses play an important role in improving the environment atmosphere, and functional values in modern cities. Soil-borne diseases are one of the most significant constraints to ornamental nursery outputs. Among several fungi isolated from the roots of turfgrass plants collectedfrom different land scape gardens located at Alexandria , Cairo, and Giza, Rhizoctoniasolani, Fusariumsemitectum,and Fusariumoxysporumwere the most aggressive soil-borne isolates against both Bermuda andseashore Paspalumcvs. Other fungi were isolated from the same areas included, Helminthosporium sp., Pythiumspp.(fungi like), Alternariasp.,and Macrophominaspp.Essential oils and elicitors, were investigated in vitro at three concentrations for their antifungal activities against the growth of these fungi. These agents as well as the fungicide Topsin-M 70%, for a comparison,were evaluated in a greenhouse for their efficacy in controlling root-rot diseases on both Bermudaandseashore Paspalumcvs.. They were also evaluated for their effect on the plant contents of phenols and chlorophyll. It was found that Bio-Arc ® at a concentration of 6 gl -1 was the most effective one among all treatments tested for suppressing the linear growth of F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina, while clove oil was the most effective growth inhibitor against F. semitectum, the fungus like P. splendens, and R. solani. For the greenhouse experiment, the most effective treatment in reducingroot-rot disease incidence wasTopsin-M followed by clove oil and Bio-Arc ® . For the biochemical tests inturfgrasses, all tested treatments increased the phenols and chlorophyll compared with the untreated control. From the results, it is noted that the Bermuda grasscv. is more resistant to root-rot diseases than the seashore Paspalumcv.

Meteorites, space rocks, are characterized by several distinctive properties that distinguish them from terrestrial (Earth) rocks. Meteorites may have all or most of such properties. Sometimes, meteorite characterization requires detailed chemical analyses. Two types of meteorites were studied and chemically analyzed. One, had already been located and listed internationally (AL-Taamem Meteorite77). The other one is not listed yet as it fell in 1993 at the northern Kurdistan region of Iraq.The chemical analysis of grinded meteorite was conducted using TXRF technique. The analysis involved the utilization of one type of carrier and one type of disks (quartz). High purity silicon was used for fixing the meteorite powder onto the quartz glass disks for vacuum uses.Each sample test was carried out twice using the Bruker S2 Picofox TXRF instrument (for 600s). The spectra were investigated and several indicative characteristics were concluded. The samples were identified as meteorite, particularly for the appearance of the typical nickel peak near the iron peak in the spectra. This is in accordance with the method of classification of meteorites and by comparison between the listed and unlisted samples. All these analyses were conducted in the laboratories

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Orbital maneuver transfer time is traditionally accomplished using direct numerical sampling to find the mission design with the lowest delta-ʋ requirements. The availability of explicit time series solutions to the Lambert orbit determination problem allows for the total delta-ʋ of a series of orbital maneuvers to be expressed as an algebraic function of only the individual transfer times. Series solution was applied for Hohmann transfer and Bi-elliptic transfer and comparing between Hohmann transfer and Bi-elliptic transfer for long distance. It has been concluded that Hohmann transfer is more appropriate when the ratio of radius of final orbit to initial orbit () is less than 11.94. The purpose of this work is to minimize total full requirements, as well known that no refueling station in space, then using the computed ∆ʋ for determining the mass propellant consumed , at different specific impulse of the propellants, help us to carefully plane a mission to minimize the propellant mass carried on the rocket.