Abstract. Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is the major cause of acute renal failure. Renal I/R have distant effects on other organs, especially the heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiac lesion following bilateral renal ischemia (50 minutes) and reperfusion (48 hours) in adult rats, to test sex differences in the development of cardiac lesions after acute renal I/R and to investigate the effect of estrogen on this type of cardiac lesions. 70 adult albino rats were divided into 7 groups: control male, I/R male, control female, I/R female, female with bilateral ovariectomy, I/R female with bilateral ovariectomy and I/R female with bilateral ovariectomy treated with estrogen. Renal and cardiac functions in both sexes were deteriorated following acute renal I/R injury proved by the increase in serum urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels. These cardiac lesions are mainly due to the oxidative stress response in the form of the increase in cardiac tissue lipid peroxide, and the decrease in cardiac tissue glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. In conclusion, female rats are more protected from the renal and cardiac lesions following acute renal I/R injury than male, since estrogen significantly decreases these lesions mainly by inhibiting the oxidative stress response.

Introduction: high salt diet (HSD) is a dangerous food habit. It has many harmful effects on arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular system, and kidney. Aim of work: To assess the effects of the high salt diet (HSD) on adult male albino rats' bone. Materials and methods: twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into two groups: Control group and HSD-fed group. Results: Administration of HSD (8 %) for seven weeks to male rats resulted in increased food intake, decreased body weight gain, and BMI, as well as osteoporosis. There was increase in all bone resorption parameters and decrease in bone formation parameters. Conclusion: Accordingly, the results obtained from the present study revealed that HSD induced osteoporosis.

Background and aim: High salt intake is related to great risk for developing many diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. This work aimed to assess the effects of the high salt diet (HSD) on adult albino rats' bone and exploring the sex disparity of this effect. Materials and methods: Forty eight adult albino rats, 24 males and 24 females, were divided into four groups: control males, control females, HSD-fed males, and HSD-fed females. Results: The results showed that administration of HSD (8 %) for seven weeks to both male and female rats resulted in increased food intake, decreased body weight gain and BMI, as well as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was evidenced by increased parathormone hormone and the bone turnover markers; alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and osteopontin levels. Decreased bone weight, dry weight, fat-free dry weight, ash weight, organic matrix weight, and percentage of non-organic matrix weight were detected. Osteoporosis was more severe in female rats than male rats. Conclusion: Accordingly, the results obtained from the present study revealed that the severity of HSD-induced osteoporosis is sex-dependent. The decreased severity of osteoporosis in males may be attributed to high body weight and muscle bulk, inhibition of parathormone secretion, and other different mechanisms of protection exerted by testosterone hormone.