Background:Periodontal diseases are ubiquitous, affecting all dentate animals. Regular methods for controlling it have been found to be ineffective, which have paved the way for the use of herbal products as an adjunctive to mechanical therapy as they are free to untoward effects and hence can be used for a long period of time. Ocimum sanctum is a plant which has the greater medicinal value and enormous properties for curing and preventing disease.Objective:In the present study we assessed the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum on dental plaque, gingival inflammation and comparison with gold standard chlorhexidine and normal saline (placebo).Materials and Methods:A triple blind randomized control trial was conducted among volunteered medical students. They were randomly allocated into three study groups: (1) Ocimum sanctum mouthwash (n = 36); (2) Chlorhexidine (active control) (n = 36); (3) normal saline (negative control) (n = 36). Assessment was carried out according to plaque score and gingival score. Statistical analysis was carried out later to compare the effect of both mouthwash. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and post-hoc LSD tests were performed using software package used for statistical analysis (SPSS) version 17. P ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Our result showed that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse is equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as Chlorhexidine. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and plaque indices in both groups over a period of 15 and 30 days as compared to control group.Conclusion:The results of the present study indicate that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse may prove to be an effective mouthwash owing to its ability in decreasing periodontal indices by reducing plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and bleeding. It has no side effect as compared to chlorhexidine.

Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of the ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block (II/IH) with local wound infiltration in children undergoing herniotomy surgeries. Methods: After ethics committee approval and informed consent, 100 children aged 6 months–7 years posted for herniotomy surgeries were randomly divided into Group B and Group W. Local wound infiltration was performed in Group W by the surgeon at the time of port placement and the end of the surgery with 0.2 mL.kg −1 of 0.25% bupivacaine. Ipsilateral II/IH was performed in Group B at the end of the surgery, under ultrasonographic guidance with a Sonosite portable ultrasound unit and a linear 5–10 MHz probe with a 22G hypodermic needle, and 0.2 mL.kg −1 of 0.25% bupivacaine was used on each side. The parameters recorded were postoperative hemodynamics, paracetamol and opioid requirements, postoperative pain scores, postoperative nausea vomiting, and the need for rescue analgesia in the first 6 h postoperatively. Results: The median pain scores were significantly lower in the II/IH group than the local wound infiltration group at 10 min (2 [0–2.5] compared to 2 [3–4]; P = 0.011), 30 min (1.5 [0–3] compared to 3 [2–5]; P < 0.001), 1 h (1.5 [0–2] compared to 2 [2–3]; P < 0.001) and 2 h (2 [0–2] compared to 2 [1.5–2.5]; P = 0.010) postoperatively. The need for postoperative opioids and rescue analgesia was also significantly lower in the II/IH group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: II/IH is superior to local wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia in pediatric herniotomy surgeries.

Background:The transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block, provides effective analgesia after lower abdominal surgeries if used as part of multimodal analgesia. In this prospective, randomized double-blind study, we proposed to determine the optimal volume of local anaesthetic to be used in ultrasound guided TAP (transversus abdominis plane) block for post Caesarean section analgesia. Subjects and Methods: Total 90 parturients were randomly allocated to group A, group B and group C to receive after routine spinal anaesthesia, bilateral TAP blocks with 15ml, 20ml and 30 ml of 0.2% Ropivacaine in addition to standard analgesic comprising intravenous(IV) Acetaminophen, 1 gram 8 hourly and IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl. Each patient was assessed at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after surgery by an independent observer for pain at rest and on movement using visual analog scale, time of 1st demand for fentanyl, total consumption of PCA fentanyl, satisfaction with pain management and side effects(nausea , vomitng and sedation). Results: Use of fentanyl was significantly reduced in group B and C compared to Group A during 24 h after surgery (P < 0.001). Pain scores were lower both on rest and activity at each time point for 24 h in groups B and C (P < 0.001), time of first analgesia was significantly longer, satisfaction was higher, and side effects were less in group B and C compared to group A. The difference was not significant between group B and C. Conclusion: We concluded that though increasing the volume of local anaesthetic from 15 ml bilaterally to 20 ml bilaterally resulted in increased duration and quality of analgesia, further increase to 30 ml bilaterally offered no significant advantage in terms of reduction in VAS scores or opioid consumption.

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