Leaders' ethical behaviours and conducts are prerequisites for an effective change. The purpose of this qualitative comparative case study was to explore ethical leadership practices in selected transformed schools from Selangor, Malaysia. Two schools (a primary school and a secondary school) were selected as study sites. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Interviews were conducted with 28 participants including school heads (2), school administrators (3 þ 3 ¼ 6) and schoolteachers (10 þ 10 ¼ 20) selected from both schools using purposive sampling. The constant comparative analysis method was used to analyse the data. Analysis revealed demonstration of friendly and trusting relationships, openness to school members, professional commitment, acting as role model, and warranting ethically appropriate conducts as important ethical leadership practices. This study has value for policy and practice pertaining to school transformation; the implications, strengths and limitations of the study and recommendations for future research have been discussed as well.

Constant efforts have been made to improve the quality and performance of schools in Pakistan. Research has shown that leadership is a driving force in bringing about revolutionary changes in schools. This qualitative multiple-case study explores the task-oriented, relationoriented, and change-oriented leadership behaviors in selected highperforming schools in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews from a total of 12 participants selected via purposive sampling. The participants included principals, assistant principals, and teachers from two high-performing schools. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach involving open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings showed that leaders in selected high-performing schools exhibited adaptive leadership behaviors. The effective and continuous monitoring, proper planning, assigning and clarifying tasks, and efficiently distributing budgets were some of the task-oriented leadership behaviors in selected high-performing schools. The relation-oriented leadership behaviors were determined to be shared decision-making, establishing a friendly and trusting relationship, being open and honest, and recognizing contributions. Being active and ambitious, having strong vision, and commitment to change were the change-oriented leadership behaviors shared across selected schools. The findings of this study can be of use to the Ministry of Education Pakistan and the Education Department of the Government of Balochistan.

The performance of schools is highly dependent on the leadership of school heads, and, flexible leaders accelerate school performance.

Brahui language has its own uniqueness and value as it is one of the oldest languages of Pakistan and considered as a Dravidian language. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of future Brahui speaking teachers about mother tongue education in Brahui language at primary level in Balochistan. In this study, a qualitative approach was used. The research design was case study and site of the study was Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta. Semi-structure interviews were conducted from the Brahui speaking future teachers of B.Ed. (Hons.) 7th semester (5), M.A Education 3rd semester (5) and M.Phil. (5). The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used as method for data analysis. The data analysis revealed two main themes as need of Brahui mother tongue education in Brahui majority schools and teacher training for Brahui mother tongue education.