Aim: To compare the operational time, blood loss and consequences of tonsillectomy with Ligasure versus bipolar diathermy. Methods: A total of 106 individuals were randomized to have their Tonsillectomy done with either Ligasure or bipolar diathermy in this prospective trial. The length of procedure, amount of blood lost during it, degree of post-operative pain and the outcomes all were documented and studied. Results: In total, 106 cases were studied, with 53 cases in to the Ligasure Group and 53 cases to Bipolar Tonsillectomy Group. During surgery, bipolar diathermy group lost more amount of blood. The Ligasure group had an average operative time of 4 minutes less. Both groups had similar degrees of postoperative pain. Despite the fact that the Ligasure group had less postoperative hemorrhages than the diathermy group, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Study concluded that tonsillectomies using ligasure took longer than those with bipolar diathermy. Both groups had similar perioperative hemostasis. The rate of postoperative bleeding was higher than anticipated. Keywords: Ligasure, bipolar diathermy hemorrhage, hemostasis, blood loss during surgery

A variety of surgical procedures in otolaryngology are treated as day case surgery. The patients are screened and selected before giving an appointment for certain surgical procedures. There are well-established criterions for suitability of day case surgery. In this study 500 patients were interviewed to see the suitability for day case surgery. A Combination of domestic problems, anesthesia problems, and inability to co-op with day case surgery criterion are discussed. Design: It is s prospective study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at ENT Department of Lahore General Hospital Lahore. From January 2000 to June 2002. Subjects & Methods: A Performs was filled after interviewing the patients to see the suitability for day case surgery. The problems of patients, who were unable to fulfill the criteria, are discussed in detail. Results: This study proves that more than 85% of patients are not suitable for day case surgery in our setup. Conclusion: Day case surgery is not feasible in patients coming from rural areas.

Objective: To determine the; Frequency of types of fungi and identify the commonest fungus implicated in fungal rhinosinusitis in covid-19 positive patients. Frequency of clinical types of fungal rhinosinusitis in covid-19 positive patients. Commonest co-morbidity and type of fungal rhinosinusitis associated with it. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at ENT Department Medical Teaching Institution, Hayatabad Medical complex, Peshawar during the period July 1, 2021 to Dec 31, 2022. Record of all the covisd-19 positive patients admitted to this department was examined. Those who have fungal rhinosinusitis were selected. The co morbidities in these patients such as diabetes, chronic renal failure and malignancies were recorded. Frequency of types of fungi, fungal rhinosinusitis and the commonest co-morbidity were determined.  Chi-square test performed and p-value determined to determine significance of observed relationship of fungal rhinosinusitis with diabetes mellitus, renal failure and malignancies. Results: A total of 86 patients, male: female ratio was 1.26:1. The ages ranged from 28-80 years with mean age of 56.13 ± 3.221 years. A total of 65(75.5%) patients were diabetic. Acute fulminant fungal rhinosinusitis was the commonest clinical type occurring in 40(46.5%) patients. Mucor was isolated from 56(65%). Chi square test and p value showed that the invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by mucor has significant association with diabetes in these patients (p=0.02). Conclusion: Acute fulminant fungal rhinosinusitis caused by mucor is the commonest fungal infection in the co-morbid diabetic covid-19 positive patients. As this is a life-threatening disease, timely recognition and prompt treatment is important.