Abstract. Sunaryo W, Wahida, Idris SD, Pratama AN, Ratanasut K, Nurhasanah. 2020. Genetic relationships among cultivated and wild bananas from East Kalimantan, Indonesia based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 824-832. East Kalimantan is one of biodiversity centers for banana in Indonesia including wild or cultivated bananas. This biodiversity is long-historical genetically contributed by the existence of wild cultivars, local/indigenous varieties or introduced accessions from other regions in Indonesia. The existence of cultivated bananas has played an important role in the socio-economic significance of the local people. The genetic contribution of wild and local banana from East Kalimantan to the cultivated bananas or vice versa is very interesting to study. This research reported the genetic relationships among wild and cultivated bananas using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirteen wild and cultivated banana samples collected from different districts of East Kalimantan Province were analyzed using 15 primers of ISSR marker. ISSR primers generated 133 loci, of which 132 were polymorphic (98.98 %) with an average of 9.43 loci per primer. The ISSR marker is very effective and powerful to detect and discriminate the polymorphisms among cultivated and wild bananas. This is supported by PIC value which ranged from 0.60 to 0.91 per primer with an average of 0.80 per primer. The marker index (MI) values were ranged from 1.62 to 11.48 per primer. Primer UBC 855 produced the highest MI value which was 11.48 per primer and UBC 848 resulted in the lowest (1.62 per primer). The similarity coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The dendrogram constructed based on UPGMA divided the banana cultivars into 4 clusters, in which the first cluster comprised of the AA/AAA/AB genome bananas (Ambon, Kapas, Tembaga, Liar, and Tanduk). The second cluster composed of only Mauli Banana. The third cluster was comprised of six cultivated banana with AAB or ABB genome i.e., Raja, Rutai, Susu, Kepok, Awak, and Talas banana. The last cluster was only Klutuk Banana (BB genome). Wild bananas (Liar and Klutuk) was the ancestor of cultivated bananas since they contributed for A genome (Musa acuminate) and B genome (Musa balbisiana) to generate many triploid and cultivated bananas. Indigenous banana cultivars from Kalimantan, Rutai is closely related to Susu banana, while Talas banana is related to the AAB genome such as Raja, Rutai, Susu or ABB genome such as Awak and Kepok.

Latar belakang: Pembuatan nanopartikel untuk mengatasi masalah stabilitas dan bioavailabilitas mengalami kendala dalam memperoleh karakteristik nanopartikel yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan pengadukan terhadap karateristik nanopartikel sari buah juwet. Metode: Nanopartikel sari buah juwet diformulasikan dengan polimer kitosan, ekstrak dan  Na-TPP kemudian diaduk dengan  variasi kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm, 1000 rpm dan 1500 rpm. Parameter yang diamati adalah transmitan, efisiensi penjerapan, ukuran partikel dan indeks polidispersitas, dan zeta potensial. Hasil: Nilai transmitan tertinggi sebesar 84,700±0,430 % diperoleh pada kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm (p-value=0,108), nilai efisiensi penjerapan tertinggi yaitu 74,014±1,404 % pada 1000 rpm (p-value=0,501), ukuran partikel terkecil diperoleh pada kecepatan pengadukan 1500 rpm sebesar 56,9±0,9 nm (p-value=0,000), dan zeta potensial tertinggi pada kecepatan pengadukan 1000 rpm yaitu sebesar 37,7±2,8 mV (p-value=0,054).    Kesimpulan: Kecepatan pengadukan tidak berpengaruh terhadap transmitan, entrapment efisiensi, dan zeta potensial namun berpengaruh terhadap ukuran partikel nanopartikel sari buah juwet yang dihasilkan.

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Anemia of pregnancy is a condition of pregnant women with hemoglobin levels less than 11gr/dl in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5gr/dl in the second trimester. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a red pigmented protein found in red blood cells. Increasing Hb can be done by using Seaweed, because seaweed contains iron, minerals, B complex vitamins, protein and others. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of seaweed consumption on increasing Hb levels in pregnant women. This research is a Quasy Experiment research with one group pretest-posttest design. Respondents were 10 pregnant women with anemia in Tarakan City, where samples were taken by purposive sampling. The Hb of pregnant women before being given seaweed was the majority 9.21 g/dl, the lowest Hb was 7 g/dl and the highest was 9.8 g/dl. The Hb of pregnant women after being given seaweed was the majority 10 g/dl, the highest Hb was 12.7 g/dl and the lowest was 7 g/dl. The results showed p value <0.0001 (p<0.05) with a change in the mean before being given the intervention from 8.94 g/dl to 10.93 g/dl after being given the intervention. Thus, seaweed is very effective in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. Anemia of pregnancy is a condition of pregnant women with hemoglobin levels less than 11gr/dl in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5gr/dl in the second trimester. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a red pigmented protein found in red blood cells. Increasing Hb can be done by using Seaweed, because seaweed contains iron, minerals, B complex vitamins, protein and others. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of seaweed consumption on increasing Hb levels in pregnant women. This research is a Quasy Experiment research with one group pretest-posttest design. Respondents were 10 pregnant women with anemia in Tarakan City, where samples were taken by purposive sampling. The Hb of pregnant women before being given seaweed was the majority 9.21 g/dl, the lowest Hb was 7 g/dl and the highest was 9.8 g/dl. The Hb of pregnant women after being given seaweed was the majority 10 g/dl, the highest Hb was 12.7 g/dl and the lowest was 7 g/dl. The results showed p value <0.0001 (p<0.05) with a change in the mean before being given the intervention from 8.94 g/dl to 10.93 g/dl after being given the intervention. Thus, seaweed is very effective in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women.