To improve the quality of normal concrete often used additional materials such as fillers, to reduce the cavities in the concrete (porosity). Fillers can fill pores in concrete due to gaps from aggregates, if the empty space is reduced, the compressive strength value of the concrete will increase because the cavities in the concrete can result in cracks during loading. The filler used is synthetic wood waste from PT Dominic NISI which makes multiboard from cement. Synthetic wood fillers are not reactive with water, because the silica content in this filler comes from cement which has been reactive when making synthetic wood, therefore this filler is only as a filler in concrete. The optimal value of porosity testing was 9.774% with variations in the addition of 15% synthetic wood waste filler, has decreased porosity by 7.914% compared to concrete without synthetic wood waste filler. While the optimal value of compressive strength with the addition of synthetic wood waste filler at 10% variation of 41.594 Mpa, an increase of 27.09% compared to concrete without synthetic wood waste filler.
The use of cement in the concrete mix is the most expensive material. In the cement production process, there is CO2 emission into the air, which causes the greenhouse effect and global warming. So we need other materials as an alternative to reduce the use of cement by using by-products such as fly ash which is categorized as a Pozzolan material. In this study, fly ash was used with variations of 0%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, water-cement ratio 0.4. Because fly ash does not have the same binding ability as cement, alkaline activators are needed, namely Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) , with molarities of 6M and 8M. To determine the compressive strength of concrete, a compressive test was carried out at the age of 7 days and 28 days and a porosity test at the age of 28 days. The maximum compressive strength of concrete with fly ash content of 90% with a molarity of 6M and 8M. The age compressive strength has the same value. At the age of 7 days is 14.43 MPa. At the age of 28 days, it is 18.39 MPa. The greater the use of fly ash and molarity in concrete, the fewer pores in the concrete because the mixture is more concentrated and round, and the small particle size of fly ash can fill voids in the concrete.
Ketersediaan semen untuk bahan campuran beton terus berkurang maka dibutuhkan alternatif untuk permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan limbah zeolite dan bentonite untuk mengurangi jumlah semen pada campuran beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik pada beton dengan material limbah zeolite dan bentonite. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah percobaan (eksperimen), dengan komposisi variasi penambahan zeolite dan bentonite sebanyak 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dari berat semen. Faktor air semen yang direncanakan 0,55 untuk menjaga workability dari campuran beton digunakan superplasticizer dengan kadar 0,5% pengujian pada umur 28 hari. Hasil pengujian zeolite dan bentonite terhadap porositas, kuat tekan, dan modulus elastisitas pada beton normal secara berurut yaitu 7,66% ; 21,89 MPa ; 19560.61 MPa. Hasil pengujian zeolite dan bentonite terhadap porositas, kuat tekan, dan modulus elastisitas pada persentase optimal dengan substitusi zeolite secara berurut yaitu 7,45% ; 23,12 MPa ; 24265.78 MPa. Hasil pengujian zeolite dan bentonite terhadap porositas, kuat tekan, dan modulus elastisitas pada persentase optimal dengan substitusi bentonite secara berurut yaitu 7,70% ; 22,93MPa ; 23096.70 MPa. Pada penelitian ini variasi zeolite 5% dan bentonite 5% merupakan persentase optimal terhadap sifat mekanik beton.
Beton ringan merupakan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dari teknologi material, salah satu inovasi pengembangan beton ringan dengan memanfaatkan plastik HDPE ke dalam campuran beton. Plastik HDPE merupakan jenis polimer yang memiliki tingkat kerapatan tinggi yang bersifat fleksibel, tahan terhadap benturan, tahan terhadap temperatur rendah, dan berat jenis plastik HDPE tergolong ringan yaitu sebesar 941-965 kg/m3, Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode trial and test dengan faktor air semen yang direncanakan 0,5 dan slump yang direncanakan 75-100 mm. Variasi subtitusi parsial agregat kasar plastik HDPE sebesar 75%, 80%, 85%, dan 90% dari volume agregat kasar. variasi HDPE 75% kuat tekan yang didapatkan sebesar 9.805 Mpa, didapatkan nilai porositas 10,90%, serta nilai modulus elastisitas 10824,4154 MPa. Pada variasi HDPE 80% yakni kuat tekan sebesar 9,710 MPa mengalami penurunan 0.969%, didapatkan nilai porositas 11,10% mengalami peningkatan 1,83%, serta nilai modulus elastisitas 9910,7767 MPa. Pada variasi HDPE 85% kuat tekan yang didapatkan sebesar 8,862 MPa mengalami penurunan 9.618%, didapatkan nilai porositas 11,62% mengalami peningkatan 6,61%, serta nilai modulus elastisitas 9275,862 MPa. Pada variasi HDPE 90% kuat tekan yang didapatkan sebesar 8,013 MPa mengalami penurunan 18,276%, didapatkan nilai porositas 11,91% mengalami peningkatan 9,27%, serta nilai modulus elastisitas 8749,4147 MPa. Secara umum dengan bertambahnya agregat ringan kualitas beton ringan mengalami penurunan baik kuat tekan, porositas maupun modulus elastisitas sehingga nilai optimum pada penelitian beton ringan dengan subtitusi agregat ringan plastik HDPE yakni pada variasi 75%.
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