In 2002, the Malaysian government had banned the use of the hazardous herbicide, paraquat. Most growers perceive that paraquat is the most effective herbicide and provides the fastest mode of action to control weeds. An experiment was conducted at MAB AgricultureHorticulture, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, from February 2004 to February 2005 to evaluate the efficacy and ability of the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, as an alternative to the hazardous herbicide, paraquat, in controlling weeds in immature oil palm (<3 years old). The results showed that paraquat needed high rates, 600 and 800 g ha -1 , to control weeds effectively. However, lower rates of glufosinate ammonium (200 g ha -1 ) and glyphosate (400 g ha -1 ) gave excellent weed control. The results showed that the efficacy of glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate were much better than paraquat. The results also showed that, with no direct contact with the plants, paraquat, glufosinate ammonium, and glyphosate had no adverse effect on the vegetative and generative growth of oil palm in this study. These results proved that the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, could be used as an alternative to paraquat to control weeds in immature oil palm.

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5,46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

Fertilizing is one of strategy to improve crops productivity because it provides PENDAHULUANSampai saat ini ketergantungan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap padi masih sangat besar, dari total kalori yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat hampir 60% dicukupi oleh beras (Pringadi dkk dalam Zahra, 2011) membuat padi menjadi salah satu tanaman pangan yang sangat penting di Indonesia. Di Provinsi Bengkulu padi merupakan tanaman pangan yang banyak diusahakan oleh rumah tangga dan beras masih menjadi bahan makanan pokok dan sumber kalori bagi sebagian besar penduduk. Rata-rata produksi padi sawah per hektar di Provinsi Bengkulu mencapai 4,04 ton perhektar dengan nilai produksi 491.901 ton (BDA, 2010).Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian (padi) telah banyak dilakukan baik oleh pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan perguruan tinggi. Tetapi di dalam pelaksanaannya diperoleh fakta bahwa hasil potensial

Soybean and corn are strategic commodities to meet community needs. As the population increases, the demand for these commodities tends to increase. A breakthrough innovation is needed to increase food production. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of several varieties of corn and soybean growth using the intercropping system on rainfed lowland areas. The study was conducted in Central Lampung during the 3rd planting season from September to December 2019. The soybean varieties are Anjasmoro, Dena, Devon and local existing. Corn varieties are Nasa-29 and local existing. The intercropping system used corn-soybean pattern 2-7. The study involved 5 farmer cooperators. The results of the study indicated that the intercropping system provide the highest production of soybean and corn for local and existing varieties. The average corn production was 9340 kg/ha and the average soybean production was 1971 kg/ha. The intercropping system provides an increase in the cropping index from 100-150 to 200-300 on rainfed lowland

Acid dry land is characterized as suboptimal land with low productivity. The “Turiman Jale 2-7” corn-soybean intercropping technology innovation has the potential to provide additional yields on acid dry land. The purpose of this study was to examine the yields of corn and soybeans grown using the “Turiman Jale 2-7” system on acid dry land. The assessment was carried out at the Tegineneng Experimental Garden, Mandah Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Methods with demonstration plots in the field of 0.75 ha, with 2 treatments using corn and soybean varieties. The research period was January to June 2020. The soybean varieties planted were Dega, Dena, Detam, Detap, Devon, and local Tanggamus. Corn varieties planted were Balitbangtan JH-37 and existing hybrid corn (Bisi-18, DK-771, NK-22. P-27). The corn-soybean intercropping system used a pattern of alternating 2 rows of corn and 7 rows of soybeans. Corn crop rows used a zigzag cropping pattern. The data observed were components of plant vegetative and generative growth. Data analysis using factorial analysis of variance. The results showed the “Turiman Jale 2-7” system produced an average corn productivity of 14,110 kg/ha and an average soybean productivity of 2,370 kg/ha. The “Turiman Jale 2-7” system is able to optimize the productivity of acid dry land which relies on rainwater. The innovation “Turiman Jale 2-7” contributed to increasing the Cropping Index (CI) from CI = 100 to CI = 150-200.