Mangrove nature tourism Sedari Village is an ecotourism location that has the potential to be developed with natural resources that are still awake and an area of mangrove forests around 49.20 Ha. However, in its management, it still does not pay attention to the principles of ecotourism regarding the suitability and carrying capacity for ecotourism. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential in the mangrove nature tourism Sedari Village and assess the suitability and carrying capacity. The method used in this research is survey method and descriptive - quantitative analysis. The results obtained in the mangrove nature tourism Sedari Village there are 4 types of mangroves, namely R. mucronata, R. stylosa, S. alba and A. marina with a mangrove density of 2.055 ind / ha then found 4 types of biota and 2 species namely mullet fish, milkfish , mangrove crabs, little egrets and monitor lizards. For the tourism suitability index value obtained 73% which is included in both the category and the physical carrying capacity obtained 32,800 people / day, the real carrying capacity is 25,047 people / day and the ecological carrying capacity is 26.65 ha. ecological carrying capacity for bridge tracking tourism activities obtained by 55 people / ha and bird watching tourism activities obtained by 165 people / ha. Keywords: mangrove, ecotourism suitability, ecotourism carrying capacity

Pantai merupakan salah satu objek wisata alam yang paling diminati pengunjung, namun memiliki risiko bahaya tersendiri yang patut diwaspadai. Risiko bahaya yang melekat dimiliki oleh setiap pantai adalah bahaya akibat karakteristik fisik pantai. Pantai Wisata Batu Karas merupakan salah satu objek wisata pantai terfavorit di Jawa Barat dengan peningkatan jumlah pengunjung setiap tahunnya. Selain memiliki berbagai daya tarik wisata, Pantai Batu Karas memiliki risiko bahaya fisik. Risiko bahaya fisik yang dominan di pesisir selatan Jawa Barat, termasuk Pantai Wisata Batu Karas, adalah gelombang pecah karena berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia yang memicu risiko gelombang tinggi. Keselamatan wisata merupakan hal yang harus diutamakan untuk mencegah kerugian yang mungkin terjadi akibat risiko bahaya. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penilaian bahaya fisik pantai untuk selanjutnya dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan wisata pantai. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe pantai Batu Karas sebagai langkah awal penilaian bahaya fisik pantai akibat gelombang pecah di Pantai Wisata Batu Karas. Riset ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Mei 2020, dengan area yang diteliti adalah sepanjang Pantai Wisata Batu Karas. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini yaitu metode kuantitatif, selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan tipe pantai yang mengacu pada metode yang dikembangkan oleh Short (1996). Parameter yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah tinggi dan periode gelombang pecah, kecepatan jatuh sedimen, dan nilai tunggang pasut. Hasil yang didapatkan dari riset ini adalah Pantai Batu Karas memiliki tipe pantai longshore bar and trough, yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk penilaian tingkat bahaya fisik di Pantai Wisata Batu Karas. Beach is one of the most popular natural attractions for visitors, but has its own dangers that need to be watched out for. The inherent hazard risk possessed by each beach is the danger due to the physical characteristics of the beach. Batu Karas Tourism Beach is one of the most favorite beach attractions in West Java with an increasing number of visitors every year. Apart from having various tourist attractions, Batu Karas Tourism Beach also has a risk of physical danger. The dominant physical hazard risk on the southern coast of West Java, including Batu Karas Tourism Beach, is the breaking waves because it is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean which triggers a high risk of waves. Tourism safety is a matter that must be prioritized to prevent losses that may occur due to hazard risks. This can be done by assessing the physical hazard of the beach which can then be used as a consideration in the management of beach tourism. This research aims to determine the type of beach as an initial step to assess the physical beach hazards in Batu Karas Beach, Pangandaran Regency, West Java. This research was conducted from January – May 2020 and focused on the Batu Karas shoreline area. Quantitative method was used to determine the beach type by referring to the method developed by Short (1996). The parameters used in this research are height and period of the breaker wave, sediment fall velocity, and tide range. The result shows that Batu Karas Beach has longshore bar and trough type, which can then be used for assessing the level of physical hazards at Batu Karas Tourism Beach.

Keselamatan para wisatawan adalah hal yang paling penting dalam mengelola kawasan wisata. Rip current merupakan bahaya yang signifikan bagi para pengunjung pantai dan telah memakan banyak korban di seluruh dunia. Riset ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai bahaya Rip Current serta mengidentifikasi waktu yang aman untuk wisata di Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa Barat. Pelaksanaan riset berlangsung dari bulan Januari – Mei 2020. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Pengolahan data dan penilaian bahaya rip current berdasarkan Rip Current Hazard Assessment Guide (RNLI-UK). Parameter yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah tinggi dan periode gelombang pecah, kecepatan jatuh sedimen, dan nilai tunggang pasut. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa nilai bahaya rip current di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Barat Pangandaran, Jawa Barat sebesar 3 sampai dengan 4; yang dikategorikan ke dalam tingkat berbahaya sampai tingkat sangat berbahaya dengan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi adalah tinggi gelombang. Nilai bahaya rip current tertinggi (sangat berbahaya) berada di Bulan Juni hingga Oktober. Waktu yang dinilai relatif lebih aman untuk wisata berdasarkan hasil assesment nilai bahaya rip current adalah pada Bulan Januari, Februari, Maret, April, Mei, November serta Desember.The safety of tourists is the most important thing in tourism management. Rip current is a significant danger for beach visitors and has many casualties around the world. This research aims to get an index of Rip Current and identify the safety period for tourism in Pangandaran Beach. This research was conducted from January – May 2020. Methods of this research were using quantitative method. Processing data and getting an index for hazardous of Rip Current based on the Rip Current Hazard Assesment Guide (RNLI-UK). The parameters used in this research are height and period of the breaker wave, sediment fall velocity, and tide range. The result of this research are shown as an index of rip current’s hazardous 3 to 4; whereas 3 means hazardous and 4 as categorized very hazardous with the wave height as the most affecting factor. The safety periods for tourism based on the results of an index for hazardous occurs in January, February, March, April, May, November, and December.

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on all economic sectors and the order of life in society, including the marine tourism sector. As in the Batukaras Beach tourism area, West Java Province. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of tourist visits marine tourism area of Batukaras Beach and the economic value of marine tourism. The research conducted in May 2021 – June 2022. The data used primary and secondary data, using purposive sampling as many as 106 respondents using multiple linear regression and travel cost method. Based on the results of the research, the factors that influence marine tourism visits are variables X1 natural conditions of marine tourism, X2 types of marine tourism attractions, X3 distance traveled, X4 length of time for tourism activities, X5 level of education, X6 income level, X7 age, X8 travel cost. Based on this research it was obtained economic value of the marine tourism environment based on travel expenses in Batukaras Beach is IDR 79,795,000. Consumer surplus or tourists' willingness to pay based on the individual travel cost method is IDR 2,975.08/individual/visiting and economic value of marine tourism based on willingness to pay in Batukaras Beach IDR 1,039,130,027.

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine dose of black cumin flour in fish feed diets which can improve the disease resistance of tilapia against the attack of A. hydrophila. This study was used tilapia juvenile with a size of 7 – 8 cm. This study was conducted from March – May 2021 and the experimental method is completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used were addition of black cumin flour into fish feed with doses 0 (A), 20 (B), 35 (C), 50 (D), and 65 (E) g/Kg feed. The treatments fed by supplemental diets contained black cumin flour was conducted for 14 days, then a challenge test was carried out with the infection of A. hydrophila bacteria by immersion for14 days. A. hydrophila bacteria used to infect fish had a density of 108 CFU/mL. The Parameters used were total leukocyte, hematocrit, total leukocyte differential, clinical symptoms, survival rate and water quality. The result showed that black cumin flour was effective to increase the immunity system of tilapia. The dose of 50 g/Kg feed was effective showed increase the highest percentage increase in white blood cells of 64.56%, compared to treatments B, C, and E which showed an increase in white blood cells of 47.40%, 48.82% and 1.2%, respectively. Treatment A decreased the percentage of white blood cells by 19.52%. The 50 g dose of black cumin showed the highest percentage value of hematocrit and leukocyte differential in tilapia fry, respectively 34%, lymphocytes 84.3%, monocytes 6%, and neutrophils 9.7% with the fastest recovery period (4 days) and after the challenge test resulted in the highest survival rate of 95%. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, tilapia juvenile, black cumin, immune system ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis tepung jintan hitam dalam formula pakan ikan yang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan nila terhadap serangan bakteri A. hydrophila. Penelitian ini menggunakan benih ikan nila dengan ukuran 7-8 cm. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2021 dan metode eksperimen yang digunakan adalah model Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah penambahan tepung jintan hitam pada pakan dengan dosis 0 (A), 20 (B), 35 (C) 50 (D) dan 65 (E) g/Kg pakan. Pemeliharaan ikan uji yang diberikan perlakuan yang mengandung tepung jintan hitam dilakukan selama 14 hari, setelah itu dilanjutkan uji tantang menggunakan bakteri A. hydrophila dengan metode immersi selama 14 hari. Bakteri A. hydrophila yang digunakan untuk menginfeksi ikan memiliki kepadatan 108 CFU/mL. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu leukosit, hematokrit, differensial leukosit, gejala klinis, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tepung jintan hitam dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan nila. Dosis jintan hitam 50 g per 1 kg pakan paling efektif, terlihat dari persentase peningkatan sel darah putih tertinggi sebesar 64.56%, dibandingkan perlakuan B, C, dan E yang masing masing menunjukan peningkatan sel darah putih sebesar 47.40%, 48.82% dan 1.2%. Perlakuan A mengalami penurunan persentase sel darah putih sebesar 19.52%. Dosis jintan hitam 50 g menunjukkan nilai persentase hematokrit dan differensial leukosit yang paling tinggi pada benih ikan nila, masing-masing sebesar 34%, limfosit 84.3%, monosit 6%, dan neutrofil 9.7% dengan masa pemulihan tercepat (4 hari) dan setelah di uji tantang menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi yaitu sebesar 95%. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, benih ikan nila, jintan hitam, sistem imu