Family Cactaceae is characteristic of the plant with prickly pear which has been considered as a source of fiber. The fruit of the genus Opuntia is of much greater value economically used to some extent as forage. It is also cultivated for its edible fruits. Opuntia tuna is wildly growing in Egypt and is also cultivated for their edible uses (W att and Brandwijk, 1962). Opuntia tuna was subjected to chemical investigation in this work for the first time. W e report here on the flavonoids of the flowers and the mucilage and the betalaines of the fruits. Isolation and purification processes were carried out by applying successive chromatographic techniques (column chromatography, TLC, PPC and HPLC). Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by spectroscopic analysis (UV, MS, H-NMR 1 and C-NMR). Quantitation of betalaines was established by TLC densitometry. The isolated flavonoids 13 were identified as isorhamnetin (I), isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (II) and isorhamnetin-3-Orhamnoglucoside (Rizk and Nowaihi; 1989) (III). The mucilage study revealed the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, fructose D-glucuronic acid and D-galacturonic acid (Norma et al, 1987). Indicathanthin, betanin and isobetanin were identified .

A trial study was managed to estimate the efficacy of neem oil and cinnamic oil on cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which infest a wide host range of plants caused serious damage. Due to the problems of chemical pesticides to organisms and environment, natural control replaced pesticides. The data obtained in this study showed that neem oil was more effective in controlling A. craccivora where LC 50 was 125.26 ppm comparing with cinnamic oil which LC 50 recorded 378.68 ppm. GC/ MS analysis of Neem oil showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by 99.34%, where it was found to contained eight different fatty acids. The linoleic acid represents the highly proportion with 34.69%.

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net

This investigation was carried out to identify stem rust resistance genes in the six Egyptian bread wheat cultivars Sakha 93, Sids 1, Gemmeiza 10, Gemmeiza 11, Misr 1 and Misr 2. F1 seed were developed from the crosses between the six wheat cultivars and each of the wheat monogenic lines of Sr 11, Sr 32, Sr 33 and Sr 40 in 2012/2013 season. In the next season, 2013/2014, F2 plants were tested under field conditions after artificial inoculation with a mixture of stem rust physiological races at Sids Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt. Chi-square test was used to test the fitness of segregation in F2 plants for each cross to the expected ratios. Out of the six wheat cultivars, the two cultivars Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 10 showed no or negligible segregations in F2 crosses between them and each of the four stem rust monogenic lines. All or majority of F2 plants showed resistant type of reaction to stem rust under field conditions indicating that both cultivars expected to carry Sr 11, Sr 32, Sr 33 and Sr 40 adult-plant stem rust resistance genes. On the other hand, the remaining four wheat cultivars, Sakha 93, Gemmeiza 11, Misr 1 and Misr 2 showed significant segregation in their F2 crosses with the monogenic lines. Segregations among F2 plants were toward resistance in the crosses with the two cultivars Sakha 93 and Gemmeiza 11 while it was toward susceptibility in the crosses with the two cultivars Misr 1 and Misr 2. Resistance found to be dominant over susceptibility in the crosses between the two cultivars Sakha 93 and Gemmeiza 11 and the monogenic lines except for the cross Sakha 93 x Sr 32. Meanwhile, susceptibility was dominant over resistance in the crosses between the two cultivars Misr 1 and Misr 2 and the monogenic lines. The results of this study indicate the importance of the two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 10 as a source of adult-plant stem rust resistance genes which could be utilized in wheat breeding program for improving stem rust resistance in Egypt.

A trial study was conducted to evaluate the impact of using magnetized sea water MSW on the adult emergence of E. zinckenella and to monitor the effect of MSW on M. incognita infecting cowpea plant. A total numbers of E. zinckenella pupa were incubation on plastic containers including soil irrigation with MSW in three concentrations. Although results indicated that, the magnetic concentrations were low, the mortality rate of the E. zinckenella pupa was high on the other hand, when the concentrations increased, the total mortality was increased. Total mortality of pupal stage was 13.75 %, 32.5% and 41.25 %, respectively when, using of magnetic sea water in concentrations 10, 20 and 40 ml.t compared with untreated treatment.In addition, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of magnetizing irrigation water on naturally growing of cowpea infected with root-knot nematode M. incognita in sandy soil at three concentrations 10, 20 and 40 ml.t. The obtained results indicated that irrigation cowpea plants with magnetic water induced positive significant effect on the most of studied parameters. The percentage improvement ranged between 63.33, 78 and 97.97, 94.59 in fresh and dry weight.