Low cord blood 25 (OH) D levels are associated with increased risk of ALRI in the first 2 years of life.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of bosentan as an adjuvant therapy of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Study Design: Forty-seven neonates with PPHN were randomly assigned to receive either bosentan (n ¼ 24) or placebo (n ¼ 23). Efficacy was evaluated with a favorable outcome defined as fulfilling all the following criteria (for example, oxygenation index <15, normal pulmonary artery pressure (<20 mm Hg) and no premature discontinuation of the drug because of drug-related toxicity or lack of efficacy). Evaluation of safety was done by monitoring drug-related adverse events.Result: Bosentan treatment was superior to placebo with a favorable response in 87.5% of patients treated with bosentan as compared with 20% of those who received placebo (P<0.0001). None of patients in the bosentan group had drug-related clinical or laboratory adverse events. Conclusion:Bosentan may be a useful adjuvant therapy of PPHN.

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Our findings show that EBV might act as a promoter for the development of PIBC and it might contribute to increased tumor aggressiveness in Egyptian and Iraqi patients.