This study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Heliopils University, El Sharqea, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving growth, seed yield, oil productivity and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants grown in sandy soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some phosphorus sources i.e., phosphate rock -super phosphate -monoamonium phosphate (MAP) and phosphoric acid (30 units P2O5).Seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) were inoculated with mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from genera Glomus, mosseae and fasciculatum [275 Spores/g oven dry basses in addition to the colonization root pieces (the infectivity 104 propagola) sterilized peatmoss: vermicolite: perlite as a carries] at the rate of 20g /5g of seeds and after 10 days by injection into the soil at 3.5 g/hill.The obtained results indicated that, plants receiving mycorrhizal fungi inoculum gave the significantly highest mean values for most of studied characteristics (i.e., plant heigt, number of branches per plant, plant fresh and dry weights, seeds yield/plant and/or feddan, weight of 1000 seeds, chlorophyll "a, b,", carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield /plant and/or feddan and fatty acids constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants, while uninoculated plants (control) gave the lowest values. Whereas different sources of phosphorous fertilizers statistically affected most of the mentioned parameters, especially monoaminum phosphate treatment (MAP) in both seasons. Moreover, all the combination treatments between inoculated with AMF, uninoculated and phosphorous sources improved all the studied parameters. The recorded results indicated that, the combined treatments between mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and MAP gave the highest values for most recorded parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate contents, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield/plant and/or feddan as compared with the other combined treatments both seasons. Meanwhile, the combined treatments of inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphoric acid induced highly significant increments in this concern in both seasons. Chromatography analyses of chia fixed oil revealed the identification of 23 components, the main component was α-linolenic acid (54.96 to 63.23%). The major components were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It can be concluded that the inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and monoamonium phosphate (MAP) was the best for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical compositions and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

The pot experiment was carried out during two successive seasons (2016/2017 & 2017/2018) to study the effect of five levels of salinity and three levels of silicon (Si), as a foliar-spray application as well as their combinations on growth, productivity and chemical constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants. Results showed that there was a negative relationship between vegetative growth measurements i.e., plant height, fresh weight and dry weight, flowering growth and yield parameters i.e., main inflorescence height, main inflorescence weight, inflorescences weight, seeds weights, weight of 1000 seeds and calculated seeds yield /m2 and root growth measurements i.e. root length, root weight and root diameter values and salinity treatments in both seasons. Hence, as the concentrations of salinity increased, the values of these parameters decreased to reach the maximum decreasing at the high concentration (4.69 dS m-1). Therefore, the combination treatment between 0.68 dS m-1 salinity concentration and 2000 ppm silicon scored the highest values of these parameters, in the 1st and 2nd seasons. Meanwhile, the maximum values of N, P and K contents were recorded by the combination treatment between 0.68 dS m-1 salinity concentration and 2000 ppm silicon in both seasons. Whereas, the highest values of free proline, sodium and chloride content were gained by the high concentration of salinity 4.96 dS m-1 especially those received silicon at 0 ppm in both seasons. Conclusively, the highest growth, productivity and chemical constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant, it is preferable to grow the plants under saline water irrigation concentration at (0.68 dS m-1) and spray with silicon at 2000 ppm.

This study was conducted at the Lab of Desert Research Center, during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Salvia hispanica L. seeds germinated in filter paper or grown in sandy soil to water salinity irrigation. The seeds were irrigated (till 100% of field capacity) every two days using tap water (control, 0.42 dS m -1 ) or saline water containing of NaCl at a concentration of 2.34, 3.13, 3.91 and 4.69 dS m -1 . Saline water was used from the beginning of seed sowing till full germination (from 10-17 days). The recorded results indicated that filter paper medium is more effective in reducing the unfavorable effects of salinity on the most of the studied germination parameters than sand. Raising the salt concentration in irrigation water up to 4.69 dS m -1 decreased the most of germination parameters (germination percentage, germination index and mean germination rate of chia seeds). The highest values of above mentioned parameters were gained by the combination of 0.42 dS m -1 concentration (control), especially those germinated on filter paper, followed descendingly by 2.34 dS m -1 concentration with the filter paper growing medium in both seasons. Also, the highest mean of daily germination and germination value were recorded by grown chia seed in filter paper and irrigated with saline water at 2.34 dS m -1 in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, while seeds grown in the same above mentioned medium and irrigated with saline water at 2.34 dS m -1 scored the highest peak value for germination in both seasons. Furthermore the highest values of coefficient of variation of germination time were gained by the combination treatments of the highest salinity concentration 4.69 dS m -1 with the filter paper growing medium in both seasons. On the other hand the combination of growing sand medium and irrigation with saline water at 3.91 dS m -1 concentration showed to be the most effective one for producing the highest mean germination time, time to 50 % germination and time to 90 % germination of chia seeds in both seasons. Conclusively, using filter paper as the germination medium produced the best germination parameters at the lowest salinity level 0.42 dS m -1 . On the other hand, the filter paper growing medium reduced, to some extent, the negative effect of salinity on chia seed germination parameters.