Highlights The main advantage of minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of retrocaval ureter is less blood loss during surgery. Other advantages are shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain and superior esthetic results. Pure laparoscopic treatment (as in our two cases) seems feasible and technically reliable with excellent functional outcome. Intracorporeal anastomosis of the ureter remains the main limiting factor.

HighlightsRetroperitoneal schwannomas (RS) are rare, benign tumors that originate in the neural sheath.RS can be misdiagnosed preoperatively, especially when they stick to other structures (the adrenal in our case).Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice and open surgery is the safest option when we have big tumors.Histology and Immunohistochemistry confirm the diagnosis.

Background Primitive neuroendocrine prostate neoplasms are rarely reported. This entity comprises carcinoïd tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, mainly those of the small-cell type. Large-cell-type primitive tumors are exceptional, and only nine cases are reported in the literature. Similar to neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate, large-cell-type primitive tumors may be observed in the context of conventional adenocarcinoma during androgen deprivation therapy or as prostatic metastasis of a distant neuroendocrine tumor, mainly pulmonary neoplasms. Case presentation We report a Caucasian case of a mixed prostatic carcinoma, with the largest component being the large-cell neuroendocine carcinoma, in a patient who underwent a total prostatectomy for a localized cancer. Diagnostic, histological, therapeutic and evolutive aspects are reported and discussed. Conclusions Large-cell primitive prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare but aggressive histological entity, which can be associated or not with an adenocarcinomatous component. Mixed forms have a better outcome, mainly when diagnosed at an early stage.

Introduction Limbic encephalitis is an autoimmune neurologic disorder, often of paraneoplastic origin, that seldom complicates prostatic tumors. The nonspecificity of symptoms makes the diagnosis sometimes difficult to establish. Prognosis is essentially determined by comorbidities and sensorineural and cognitive sequelae. Clinical case A 66-year-old Caucasian patient known to have prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma under hormonal therapy developed complex partial epileptic seizures associated with rapidly aggravating severe memory impairment. The tripod of autoimmune limbic encephalitis diagnosis was based on the clinical aspect of brain’s functional deterioration, electroencephalography aspect, and γ-aminobutyric acid type B anti-receptor antibody positivity. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic management as well as evolutionary risks were further analyzed. Conclusion Limbic encephalitis is an extremely rare presentation of neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes. A better knowledge of this entity would help better manage diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and reduce the risk of possible sequelae.

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